卷 91, 编号 9 (2002)
Articles
Cryogenics for space and Earth
摘要
Main directions of scientific and production activities of the Special design and technological bureau on cryogenic engineering FTINT NAN in the Ukraine have been considered. Special attention was given to cryostats for scientific investigations with helium, hydrogen, nitrogen and other substances in liquid and solid state, as well as to systems of cryostatting of different objects on satellites of the Earth and orbital stations. Cryogenic electrical machines, apparatuses for cryosurgery developed by the workers of the Special Design and technological bureau have been also described.
2-6
Ammonia - working substance of refrigeration machines
摘要
We compare some exploitation characterizations of the row of cool machines working on ammonia (R 717) and other refrigerants (R 22, R 134a, R 407C, R 410A, R 744, R 290) on the basis of comparison their principal thermophysical and thermodynamical properties.
8-10
Modern ammonia refrigeration station for freezing of soils when sinking shafts of great depths
摘要
The technology of soil freezing and the arrangement of the freezing columns are presented in the article. The refrigeration equipment of the station is described together with the procedure of its operation. Special features of the building of the station connected with efficiency and safety of operation are listed.
12-14
All-Russian Scientific and Technical Conference on the Problems of Safe Operation of Ammonia Refrigerating Plants
摘要
The conference called "On the ways of modernization and reduction of ammonia capacity of ammonia refrigerating plants (ARP) and top-priority measures to reduce the risk of emergency situations in their operation" was held on April 2-4, 2002 in the Moscow International Complex "Molodezhny". It was organized, as well as the last year's conference on the AXU safety problems, by the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, Gosgortechnadzor of Russia and GUP Giprokholod. However over the past year the acuteness of this problem has not diminished. Hundreds of operating refrigerators, cold storage plants, ice-cream factories and other enterprises using ammonia and located in densely populated urban areas still pose a potential threat to human life. This year's conference brought together about 130 representatives from 100 companies interested in solving this problem.
16-17
Technology of fast cooling of milk in the conditions of summer dairy farms
摘要
Currently, there is an acute shortage of quality milk in the domestic market. This is due to the high initial bacterial contamination of the product, which in normal sanitary conditions during machine milking of cows is up to 4·1010 m3. The use of traditional methods of primary milk processing does not lead to the desired results.
20-21
New refrigeration machines (York)
摘要
In the fourth quarter of 2002, YORK International launches four new models of YCAL-B refrigeration machine (in addition to the five already known), YCAL - scroll compressor refrigeration machine (HM) with air condensers. Now the range of cooling capacities of these machines is from 141 to 360 kW. All eight models are designed for outdoor installation. Both water and ethylene glycol solution are used as the refrigerant.
24-25
With AirMax air coolers - to the top of the business (Alfa Laval)
摘要
Alfa Laval, an international industrial group, is one of the world's leaders in technology and in the manufacture of equipment and systems for the refrigeration industry.
The most important part of any refrigeration system is the air cooler, which produces the final product of the entire system - cold. The air cooler also affects the safety of products and, as a result, the profitability of the system. Alfa Laval offers its customers nine types of air coolers for commercial and industrial applications.
Among them, the AirMax series has a special place.
26-26
Some special features of Kholodmash compressors and units
摘要
The modern P-series hermetic compressors can be used in any state-of-the-art refrigeration equipment. Compressors with the described volume of 10 cc per crankshaft revolution (brands RGP10AB, RGP10BB, RGP10CB, RGP10FB, RGP10PB, RGP10TB) are suitable for domestic refrigerators, but of course they can also be used in commercial equipment.
33-33
Russian market of foamed thermal insulation materials
摘要
At the present time for engineering communications presented in the Russian market of insulation materials a significant number of manufacturers and brands. Basically, these are materials based on foam rubber or polyethylene. Almost all the reviewed brands have a common ending - flex (from flexible) and fairly consonant names. Therefore, consumers often do not choose the materials they need for technical parameters and conditions of use, but the first "-flex", which they will be offered. However, the offered insulation materials have different technical indicators, quality and areas of application.
34-35
VIII International Symposium in St. Petersburg "Consumers-Makers of Compressors and Compressor Equipment"
摘要
The traditional symposium with this name was held on May 29-31, 2002 in St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University (SPbGTU). It was held by the decision of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. The organizer was the Chair of Compressor, Vacuum and Refrigeration Engineering of SPbGTU with the support of the University administration, Association of Compressor and Pneumatic Engineers (ASKOMP) and International Academy of Refrigeration (IARC). The Symposium was attended by 177 specialists representing 112 organizations from 53 cities of Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Austria, UK, Germany, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, USA, France, Switzerland, Japan.
Among the participants - consumers of compressor equipment were enterprises of the association "Gazprom" from different regions of Russia and organizations of the same profile from Ukraine, major chemical companies, metallurgical plants, factories that produce fertilizers.
Manufacturers of compressor equipment from CIS countries were represented by large Russian compressor building plants (JSC "Compressor Complex", CJSC "Compressors BS", JSC "Compressor", JSC "Energomashkorporatsiya" - Saint-Petersburg; JSC "Borets" - Moscow, Moscow Plant "Compressor", JSC "Kazankompressormash", JSC "NIIturbocompressor", etc.), as well as Ukrainian enterprises and enterprises producing compressor equipment. The company is also engaged in the development of compressor equipment for conversion purposes, as well as Ukrainian enterprises (JSC VNIIkompressormash, JSC SMNPO named after M.V. Frunze - Sumy, JSC Melkom - Melitopol, etc.) and defense enterprises involved in the development of compressor equipment.
38-38
Refrigeration equipment and systems (ASHRAE Journal, October, November, 2001)
摘要
In supermarkets in Brazil, medium- and low-temperature commercial refrigeration systems with intermediate coolant are used. For medium-temperature equipment, 20% aqueous propylene glycol solution is used as the coolant and R22 as the refrigerant.
46-46
Air conditioning systems in the USA (ASHRAE Journal, November, 2001)
摘要
In recent years, air conditioning systems (VAV systems) with variable supply and exhaust air flow have become widespread in office buildings in the USA. Using a six-story, 17,300 m2 office building in Philadelphia as an example, the capital and operating costs of a VAV system and a system with ceiling chillers and minimum supply air are compared. The calculated air capacity of the VAV system is 265400 m3/h and the cooling consumption is 1780 kWh.
46-46