A Study of Residual Stresses in Steel Plates Obtained by Laser Deposition Directly on a Rigid Substrate

A neutron diffraction method has been used to study residual stresses in corrosion-resistant martensitic steel AISI 410 plates of the composition (wt %): 0.15 С, 13 Cr, < 1 Mn, < 1 Si, and Fe for balance obtained by direct laser deposition. The plates are deposited on rigid substrates, which are commonly used in practice in the production of large parts. It has been shown that in plates of different thicknesses (2.2 and 7.4 mm) and the same length and width (70 × 30 mm), the patterns of the stress distribution curves are very close, however, the stresses in a 7.4-mm-thick plate are lower than in a 2.2-mm-thick plate. In both plates (2.2/7.4 mm), the maximum normal tensile stresses (~450/350 MPa) are induced near lateral edges of the substrate. The maximum tensile longitudinal stresses (~400/250 MPa) are induced in the middle section of the plate near the upper edge. In the middle section of a 7.4-mm-thick plate, a stress distribution over the thickness is observed: the stresses near the side surfaces are higher than in the middle section. The thickness distribution becomes more uniform by approaching the plate edges. The stress distribution pattern in plates obtained by direct laser deposition strongly depends on the rigidity of the substrate and, to a lesser extent, on the material and deposition technology.