Vol 484, No 2 (2019)

Amphiphilic diblock copolymers (DC) of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate were prepared for the first time by two-step reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The morphology of films of diblock copolymers that have a composition close to equimolar was studied by transmission electron microscopy. The observed microphase separation and formation of spherical nanodomains is not typical for equimolar diblock copolymers and seems to result from hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups (OH···OH and C=O···HO) in poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) blocks. Obviously, it is the ability of diblock copolymers to self-organization is the cause of formation of fabric coatings with low surface energy (γ = 11.9 mJ/m²) and relatively large water contact angles (\({{\theta }^{{{{{\text{H}}}_{{\text{2}}}}{\text{O}}}}}\) = 120° ± 6°) and diiodomethane (\({{\theta }^{{{\text{C}}{{{\text{H}}}_{2}}{{{\text{I}}}_{{\text{2}}}}}}}\) = 93° ± 2°).

Phase equilibria in the Si–C–O system at temperatures of 1400–1700°C were modeled to theoretically determine the optimal conditions for implementing our proposed method of carbothermic synthesis of silicon carbide in reactors with an autonomous protective atmosphere. It was found that, depending on the ratio between the initial components and the synthesis temperature, the equilibrium products of the synthesis can be various combinations of silicon carbide, a gas phase, residual amounts of silicon oxide and carbon, and an oxide melt formed at high temperatures.

The redox properties and antiradical activity of terpenophenols (2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol and 3-isocamphyl-2-naphthol) in comparison with BHT (butylhydroxytoluene, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) have been studied. The terpenophenols have been shown to react more readily in electron transfer processes as compared with BHT, and they have been found to react with electrochemically generated superoxide radical anion (\({\text{O}}_{2}^{{\centerdot - }}\)). The effect of the compounds on the rate of \({\text{O}}_{2}^{{\centerdot - }}\) generation upon adrenaline oxidation in an alkaline medium and the ability of biopreparations based on Russian sturgeon liver and gonad homogenates to deactivate \({\text{O}}_{2}^{{\centerdot - }}\) have been studied. Adrenaline oxidation inhibition and the increase in superoxide dismutation activity of the biopreparations in the presence of terpenophenols has been shown, and this fact can indicate the ability of these compounds to decrease the probability of oxidative stress enlargement. A correlation has been established between the redox properties and antioxidant activity of terpenophenols in the model system of adrenaline oxidation in the presence of the biopreparations.

Synthesis, structure study, and photochromic properties of new salt spiropyrans of indoline series containing chlorine and bromine atoms in the 6'-position of the 2H-chromene moiety have been reported. The structure of the obtained compounds has been confirmed by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The compounds are photochromic; the long-wavelength absorption maximum for photoinduced isomer shows a considerable hypsochromic shift, while the lifetime increases considerably as compared with the fluorine-containing analog.

Permeable (~70% porosity) nickel with a pronounced hierarchical structure was synthesized by powder metallurgy methods in sintering–evaporation process from a nickel nanopowder and an ammonium bicarbonate micropowder as a space holder. The obtained porous nickel contained pores of three spatial scales: macropores (30–50 μm in size), their connecting windows (5–10 μm), and interparticle micropores (less than 1 μm) in the walls of macropores. The produced material is characterized by a network of interpenetrating macropores and by a developed surface of their walls consisting of several layers of sintered nickel nanoparticles.

The electrospray method was used for the first time to prepare polymeric capsules from bioresorbable dl-lactide and glycolide copolymer loaded with biological molecules from the cell secretome and, in particular, human interferon-α-2b (IFNα-2b). The obtained nearly spherical submicron capsules were studied by scanning electron and confocal laser microscopy. The capsules retain the structural integrity and the cytotoxic activity of IFNα-2b towards tumor cells. The electrospray method is distinguished by high adaptability and environmental safety and is suitable for manufacture of a broad range of materials with different composition and morphology promising for the targeted delivery of drugs and biological molecules.