Agrochemical Tests of New Fertilizers Obtained on the Basis of Agricultural Ores of Karakalpakstan

The results of agrochemical tests and evaluation of the effectiveness of fertilizers developed on the basis of agricultural ores of Karakalpakstan with the addition of NPK elements to improve the reclamation state of saline soils in the region are presented. Traditional mineral fertilizers, such as ammonium nitrate and superphosphate, are ineffective in saline soils, since the high salt content in the soil makes it difficult for plants to absorb nutrients and leads to a decrease in yield. In this regard, the aim of the study was to develop fertilizers based on local natural resources, such as phosphorite and glauconite, enriched with elements N, P and K, to increase soil fertility and their reclamation potential. An innovative technology for obtaining fertilizers has been developed, combining the use of agricultural ores of Karakalpakstan with nitrogen and potash fertilizers. Optimal conditions for obtaining fertilizers were experimentally determined: the formulations were tested in various concentrations of NPK elements in aqueous and acidic solutions. During the experiments, the effectiveness of these fertilizers in comparison with traditional types, such as ammonium nitrate and superphosphate, on the indicators of humus content, mobile phosphorus, acidity and the level of soil salinity was investigated. It is shown that the use of the developed fertilizers contributed to a significant improvement in the agrochemical parameters of the soil and created favorable conditions for the growth of crops. In addition, it was shown that the developed fertilizers had a positive effect on microbiological processes in the soil, contributing to an increase in the number of phosphate-mobilizing bacteria and an increase in microbiological activity. The presence of organic components, such as manure, created a favorable environment for the growth of heterotrophic microorganisms, which led to an increase in the content of organic carbon and improved humification. These processes contributed to the mobilization of phosphates, increased availability of nutrients for plants and accelerated mineralization of organic compounds. A comparative analysis of the developed fertilizers with traditional mineral fertilizers showed that the use of fertilizers based on agroores was more effective in terms of humus content and reducing the level of soil salinity.