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No 10 (2025)
Soil Fertility
Influence of Phytomeliorants on the Content and Reserves of Humus, Biological Activity Parameters of the Luvic Albic Stagnosol (Loamic, Aric) from the Primorye
Abstract
The influence of annual and perennial grasses and their mixtures with legumes was studied (annual crops – oats (control), oats + vetch, oats + peas, oats + beans, perennial crops – timofeyevka (control), timofeyevka + clover, timofeyevka + alfalfa, timofeyevka + clover + alfalfa) on the basic physical properties of chemical and biological parameters of soils. Based on the assessment of the studied indicators, the main trends towards changes in the processes of formation and accumulation of humus and the biological activity of soils using various phytomeliorants have been established. The general pattern of a gradual increase in the content and reserves of humus in soils in all the studied experimental variants was noted, which was most pronounced in the soils of perennial grasses and their mixtures with legumes. Activation of the processes of humus formation and accumulation in the arable horizon when using all the studied phytomeliorants contributed to an increase in catalase activity and a change in soil catalase enrichment from poor to medium. The noted differences in the parameters of CO2 production in the soils of different experimental variants were determined by both the prevailing hydrothermal conditions and the level of humus content and reserves and, accordingly, the stabilization of the humus system of soils. For the first time in the region of the study, the composition of herb mixtures of annual and perennial grasses with legumes (oats + vetch, timofeevka + clover, timofeevka + alfalfa + clover) was established, which had the most positive effect on the fertility of the lumic albic stagnosol in the region.
Agricultural Chemistry. 2025;(10):3-11
3-11
Potassium regime of haplic luvisol in stone fruit orchard in relation to fertilizer treatments
Abstract
The effect of nitrogen and potash fertilizers on the annual and seasonal dynamics of mobile and water-soluble forms of potassium in the soil and the yield of cherry trees was studied. The experiment was conducted in 2018–2022. The experimental site is located in the forest-steppe zone of the Central Russian Upland (Oryol region). on agrograin medium loamy soils. Urea and potassium sulfate in doses from N30K40 to N120K160 were administered annually in early spring. Soil samples were taken from depths of 0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm from May to September. The content of mobile and water-soluble forms of potassium in a layer of 0–60 cm of non-fertilized soil was stable for 5 years. The annual application of fertilizers led to a significant accumulation of various forms of potassium in the upper layer of 0–20 cm of soil and seasonal changes in the content of the element. When the mobile potassium content reached >200 mg/kg, its vertical migration along the soil profile took place. The weather conditions of a particular growing season, plant needs, and fertilizer doses determined the seasonal dynamics of potash compounds. Fertilizers had no significant effect on the total yield of trees. Thus, the natural reserves of mobile potassium in the agro-gray soil in the amount of 100–200 mg/kg were sufficient to meet the needs of cherry trees in the early years of fruiting.
Agricultural Chemistry. 2025;(10):12-23
12-23
Fertilizers
Effectiveness of Fertilizers in the Cultivation of Alfalfa on Permafrost Soil
Abstract
In a field experiment conducted at the field station of the Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture named after M.G. Safronov, the effect of mineral fertilizers and a biological product based on local nodule bacteria strains on the yield and quality of a new feed crop for Central Yakutia, the sickle alfalfa of variety Yakut yellow variety, as well as on the agrochemical properties of permafrost taiga pale-yellow soil was investigated. It was found that on cold permafrost soil, the application of mineral fertilizers in doses of N60P60K30 was an effective technique that ensured the preservation of soil fertility and the stability of sowing sickle alfalfa, yielding an average hay yield of 6.9 t/ha over 4 years, or 27.7% more than the control without fertilizers. Alfalfa hay was of high quality, containing on average 15.5% crude protein, 2.6% crude fat, 0.3% phosphorus, 1.9% calcium. The use of the biopreparation during inoculation of alfalfa seeds with local nodule bacteria strains Yakutsky 1 and Yakutsky 2 increased its yield to 6.3 t/ha, or by 16.6% relative to the control. When cultivating sickle alfalfa of the Yakut yellow variety on permafrost taiga pale-yellow soil, biological nitrogen fixation was 50 kg N/ha with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers (P60K60), 55 kg of biological product and 81 kg/ha of complete mineral fertilizer at doses of N60P60K30.
Agricultural Chemistry. 2025;(10):24-30
24-30
Influence of new fertilizers and growth regulator on the variability of yield and grain quality and biotic resistance of spring barley varieties
Abstract
In 2020–2023, the effect of foliar top dressing in the tillering phase with Amino Start organomineral fertilizer and carbamide-ammonia CAS-28, and Alfastim growth regulator in earing on yields, grain quality indicators and susceptibility to diseases of Novichok, Pamyati Rodinoi, and Rodnik Prikamye barley varieties were studied in field experience. The hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) value during the germination–full ripeness period varied by year: 2020 – 1.60, 2021 – 1.30, 2022 – 2.10, 2023 – 2.00. The high responsiveness of the varieties Rodnik Prikamye and Novichok to the use of fertilizers has been established. The use of CAS-28 provided mainly reliable yield increases (at P ≥ 0.95). This variant has the lowest yield variability in the experiment, which increases the prospects of its use in different climatic conditions. Treatment of crops with Amino Start and Alfastim preparations increased yields in both varieties both in conditions of lack of moisture (2021) and its excess (2023). With excessive moisture (2022 and 2023), Amino Start and Alfastim preparations increased the starch and fat content in Novichok grain. In the relatively favorable growing conditions of 2020, the Novichok and Rodnik Prikamye varieties had an increased starch content in all variants, while the Pamyati Rodinoi variety had an increased fat content. Agrochemicals had no significant effect on the crude protein content in the grain. With a low level of helminthosporiasis infection, agrochemicals reduced the degree of damage to plants by reticular spotting and root rot.
Agricultural Chemistry. 2025;(10):31-39
31-39
Plant growth regulators
Influence of treatment of barley crops with growth regulators on the provision of plants with mineral nutrition elements
Abstract
In the steppe zone of the Orenburg region, in 80% of cases the weather conditions of the growing season of plants are characterized by unstable and insufficient atmospheric moisture. The lack of productive moisture in the soil, combined with an excess of lime and an alkaline reaction of an aqueous solution, impair the supply of mineral nutrition elements to plants. In such conditions, double foliar top dressing of crops with complex preparations with growth-regulating activity is designed to improve the supply of essential elements of mineral nutrition to plants. In 2021–2023 in the field experiment, the best growth regulators were identified in the southern chernozems, which ensured the optimization of nutrition of barley plants with macro- and microelements. The objects of research are the T-12 barley variety, zoned in 9 regions, including the Orenburg region, and the growth regulators Bionex-Kemi soluble, Gumi-20M, Borogum-M complex, Borogum-M molybdenum, Epsomit. The crops were treated by spraying with aqueous solutions of the preparations twice: in the stage of formation of 3 leaves and at the beginning of earing. Treatment of barley crops with growth regulators in the stage of 3-leaf formation (the beginning of tillering) in all experimental variants had a positive effect on the absorption of iron by plants, its content in biomass increased to 126–159 mg versus 120 mg in the control. Epsomit had the greatest effect on iron accumulation. Variants with double foliar treatment of barley crops with Borogum-M complex, Borogum-M molybdenum and Epsomit preparations, having increased the iron content in the biomass in the early period, as well as iron and manganese in the grain, contributed to a significant increase in the productivity of biomass and barley grain.
Agricultural Chemistry. 2025;(10):40-47
40-47
Пестициды
Preparation for protecting winter wheat from pests in the conditions of the salsk steppes
Abstract
Pre-sowing seed treatment allows not only to protect winter wheat from pests, but also reduces the toxic load on the agro-environment. The biological efficacy of the Polaris Quatro SME, insectofungicide (acetamiprid 150 g/l + prochlorase 100 g/l + tebuconazole 20 g/l + pyraclostrobin 15 g/l) was evaluated in the field during the growing seasons of 2020 and 2021. High biological efficacy against striped bread flea and wheat fly has been shown in the conditions of the Salsk steppes of the Rostov region. Based on the data obtained, it is concluded that the studied drug can be used in winter wheat protection systems. According to the research results, the tested drug is included in the State Catalog of Pesticides and Agrochemicals approved for use in the Russian Federation.
Agricultural Chemistry. 2025;(10):48-51
48-51
Agroecology
Influence of abscisic acid on lipid-transfer protein accumulation and suberin deposition in pea roots under salinity
Abstract
It is known that plant responses to stress are coordinated by a variety of regulatory networks, including the induction of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA). The mechanism of the protective action of ABA was investigated, suggesting a conjugated interaction with lipid-transporting proteins (LTP) and their participation in the formation of lamellae of suberin in pea roots during salination. The immunohistochemical method showed that the NaCl-induced accumulation of LTP and ABA in the cell walls of the phloem was accompanied by the deposition of suberin in the endodermal region of the roots of pea seedlings. Unlike LTP, which were localized around phloem cells, ABA was present inside these cells. In addition, treatment of control plants with exogenous ABA led to the accumulation of LTP in phloem cells and contributed to root corking. Analysis of phloem exudate for the presence of LTP revealed an increase in their content under salinization conditions. These results indicate the importance of NaCl-induced accumulation of ABA in the regulation of LTP levels and enhanced formation of apoplastic barriers in the roots of pea plants.
Agricultural Chemistry. 2025;(10):52-59
52-59
Effect of Non-Inversion Tillage Methods of Processing Agrochernozems on the Activity of Polyphenol Oxidase and Peroxidase
Abstract
The effect of non-inversion tillage methods on the activity of the enzymes of polyphenol oxidase (PFOA) and peroxidase (PO) was studied. The effect of pedoecological conditions on the level of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity of agrochernozem was assessed and their contribution to the formation of mobile humic substances was revealed. The enzyme activity was studied using the Galstyan photocolorimetric method. No significant patterns of the dynamics of polyphenol oxidase activity of agrochernozem were found. In the first 2–3 years of observations, there was a tendency to increase the activity of PFOA when using non-inversion tillage. Under the conditions of inversion tillage, the dynamics of PFOA activity was determined by the level of moisture and catalase activity of agrochernozem. When using non-inversion tillage technologies, the dependence of PFOA activity on the direction of transformations of the mobile organic matter of the soil (MOM) was revealed. The variances of soil PO activity were associated with the variability of PFOA activity. During the study period, peroxidase activity was higher during non-inversion tillage. The specifics of the conditions that developed during flat-cutting tillage determined the role of peroxidase activity not only as a catalyst stimulating mineralization processes, but also as a factor contributing to the transformation of newly formed humic substances into more complex humus components. The dynamics of peroxidase activity in the soil of all variants was determined by the rhythm of transformations of water-soluble organic compounds. The use of flat-cut cultivators increased the proportion of catalase and organic compounds extracted by decinormal alkaline extraction (C0.1NaOH).
Agricultural Chemistry. 2025;(10):60-68
60-68
Combined Effect of Manganese, Copper, and Zinc Nanoparticles on the Growth Processes and Photosynthetic Parameters of Barley Plants Under Conditions of Insufficient Moisture
Abstract
The influence of manganese, copper, and zinc nanoparticles on the development and productivity of spring barley plants was studied when modeling water scarcity in the tillering and earing phases as one of the limiting environmental factors. A preliminary selection of optimal concentrations of nanoparticles for pre-sowing seed treatment was studied on leaded seedlings. The cultivation of the plant to the phase of waxy ripeness of grain and the experiment with drought were carried out in a closed system with a controlled microclimate. The crop structure, plant height, root system length, and photosynthetic pigment content were determined. It was shown that at the germination stage, the effect depended on the concentrations of metal nanoparticles, and the selected concentration increased the quantitative parameters of the seedlings during processing. The sensitivity of barley to different types of drought was different, and maximum productivity losses were noted when there was a lack of water during the tillering period. Nanoparticle composition treatment enhanced adaptation to stress and improved photosynthesis parameters. Thus, the use of the selected nanoparticle composition can potentially increase productivity under stressful conditions and is recommended for further production tests in the field.
Agricultural Chemistry. 2025;(10):69-76
69-76
EFFECT OF POTATO TREATMENT WITH TERPENOIDS WITH ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY ON THE MYCOBIOTA OF ITS LEAFS
Abstract
Based on the results of high-throughput DNA sequencing using ILLUMINA technology, the taxonomic composition and ecological profile of fungal communities of potato leaves (Solanum tuberosum L.) of healthy plants and artificially infected with phytopathogenic fungi Phytophthora infestans (late blight) and Colletotrichum coccoides (anthracnose) were evaluated. Treatment of potatoes with compounds with antifungal activity – neutral components of spruce woody green extract E1, acidic components of pine woody green extract E2, synthetic meroterpenoids 1,2-dihydroxy-3-isobornyl-5-methylbenzene F1 and C-terpenylanilines A1 – affected the formation of mycobiota associated with the leaf and tuberous productivity of plants in various ways. Differences in the taxonomic composition of fungal communities were found both between communities characteristic of plants grown on different infectious backgrounds and those treated with various drugs. A significant increase in the number of fungal taxa detected in leaves compared with the control (48 phylotypes) was facilitated by A1 (95 phylotypes) and F1 (86 phylotypes) applied against the background of late blight, and A1 (89 phylotypes) – against the background of anthracnose development. Among the taxa identified during the study were fungi belonging to such ecologically significant categories (guilds) as saprotrophs, symbiotrophs, pathotrophs and forms with multiple functions in various combinations. When comparing the data of the metagenomic analysis of the mycobiota of potato leaves with its tuberous productivity, a positive relationship was found between the indicators of the taxonomic richness of the mycobiota and the mass of tubers from the plant. In the mycobiota, in variants with higher tuber productivity compared to the control (98 g) (treatment of F1 (168 g) and A1 (130 g) against late blight and E2 (134 g) against anthracnose), the representation of fungi belonging to the saprotrophe-symbiotrophe, saprotrophe pathotrophe-saprotrophe-symbiotrophe and pathotrophe-saprotrophe guilds increased. An increase in taxonomic diversity and a change in the ecological profile of fungal communities may be due to the membranotropic effect of some terpene components, which facilitates the penetration of phylloplane inhabitants into plant tissues. It is concluded that the treatment of potatoes with the studied compounds leads to a change in the taxonomic composition and ecological profile of the mycobiota of phylloplana, which affects the tuberous productivity of potatoes.
Agricultural Chemistry. 2025;(10):77-85
77-85
Ecotoxicology
Content and accumulation characteristics of the major ore (Zn, Cu, Pb) and mineralization-associated (Cd, Fe, Mn) chemical elements in Medicago falcata growing under technogenic load
Abstract
The content, features of accumulation and distribution of ore (Pb, Zn, Cu) and related (Cd, Fe, Mn) chemical elements in the biomass of sickle alfalfa growing in the tailings ponds of Altai Mining and Processing Factory (AMPF) and its surroundings were studied. Trace elements in plant samples, as well as in soil samples and in the upper horizons of soils were determined by atomic absorption on a Quant-2mt spectrometer. It was found that the upper layers of the substrates of the old and new dumps were characterized by an increased content of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd relative to the approximate permissible concentration (APC) and background. Most alfalfa samples were characterized by an increased Zn content (50–135 mg/kg of dry weight). The content of Cu (6.5–25.9) and Cd (0.061–0.989 mg/kg) was higher than the background, but rarely exceeded foreign standards for forage grasses. In alfalfa from the old AMPF tailings dump the Pb content (11.3–18.5 mg/kg) exceeded its content in alfalfa growing in the new dump (1.5–7.1 mg/kg), although the Pb content in the substrates did not differ significantly. The Fe content in alfalfa varied, as a rule, from 69 to 234 mg/kg, but in an uncultivated landfill it reached 461 mg/kg, which is considered excessive. Manganese content in alfalfa dumps of AMPF and the surrounding area (<39 mg/kg) was recognized as a deficient trace element. The highest concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb in alfalfa roots and in the upper layer of the substrate were determined at a point on the surface of a new dump near a spontaneous landfill, as an example of the combined effects of 2 environmental pollution factors. The high concentrations of Zn and Cd in alfalfa growing on the soil-like substrate of the new reclaimed landfill can be explained by the additional intake of toxins from the surface of the leaf blade from dust deposited on it, as well as the absorption of metals by the roots from the material of the landfill itself, buried under the soil-like ground. The intensive absorption of Fe and Pb by alfalfa in the old landfill is due to the acidic reaction of the substrate medium, which increased the mobility of metals and their accessibility to plants.
Agricultural Chemistry. 2025;(10):86-95
86-95
Phytotoxicity of Soils in Different Climatic Zones Polluted by Lead, Oil and Gasoline
Abstract
The study showed that soil pollution by lead, oil, and gasoline had a significant impact on the ecological functions of soils. Soil contamination with lead and petroleum hydrocarbons, even in relatively small doses, led to disruption of the soil cover structure and caused an almost complete depression of the functional activity of plants and soil organisms. Phytotoxicity indicators were a sensitive indicator of violations of physical, biochemical and microbiological parameters in the soil. The phytotoxicity of soils in different climatic zones was assessed when contaminated with lead (Pb), oil, and gasoline. We studied 11 types of soils in 3 climatic zones: real steppes, semi-deserts and forests. After 30 days from the start of the experiment, radish was sown to analyze the phytotoxicity of the soil. The soil phytotoxicity index (SPTI) was reduced to the greatest extent in semi-desert soils with gasoline and Pb pollution, and in forest soils with oil pollution. The results of the study can be used in assessing the phytotoxicity of soils of real steppes, semi-deserts and forests.
Agricultural Chemistry. 2025;(10):96-104
96-104