Features of the microenvironment of oncourological tumors

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Abstract

The interaction of tumor cells, especially if they are stem or resting, with myeloid and lymphoid components, as well as extracellular matrix producers, leads to the formation of a pathological microenvironment that causes resistance to many systemic treatment options. The aim of the work is to present modern literature and own data concerning the features of the composition and structure of the microenvironment in tumors of the kidney, prostate and bladder. The article presents data on the composition and interaction of various subpopulations of cells in the tumor microenvironment, as well as on the role of stem tumor cells in its formation. Defects of signaling pathways of stem tumor cells are described, as well as the mechanism of interaction between the tumor and the immune system in the process of carcinogenesis. Approaches to the assessment of the type of microenvironment for the purpose of individualization of treatment are analyzed in detail. The authors present their own data on the nature of the distribution of subpopulations of lymphocytes and suppressor cells of myeloid origin in patients with metastatic forms of tumors of the genitourinary tract. The variants of using data on the structure of the microenvironment in order to optimize treatment tactics in cancer patients are indicated.

About the authors

Oleg E. Molchanov

A.M. Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies

Author for correspondence.
Email: molchanovo@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3882-1720
SPIN-code: 5557-6468
Scopus Author ID: 25637650600
ResearcherId: AAX-2364-2020

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of Department of Fundamental Investigations

Russian Federation, Pesochnyi village, Saint Petersburg

Dmitriy N. Maistrenko

A.M. Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies

Email: may64@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8174-7461
SPIN-code: 7363-4840
Scopus Author ID: 57193120885
ResearcherId: AAA-9446-2020

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Director

Russian Federation, Pesochnyi village, Saint Petersburg

Dmitriy A. Granov

A.M. Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies

Email: da_granov@rrcrst.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8746-8452
SPIN-code: 5256-2744

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Adviser

Russian Federation, Pesochnyi village, Saint Petersburg

Igor Yu. Lisitsin

A.M. Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies

Email: urologlis@mail.ru

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Urologist, Head of the Outpatient Consultation Center

Russian Federation, Pesochnyi village, Saint Petersburg

Alexandr A. Romanov

A.M. Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies; Sortavala Central District Hospital

Email: tiffozi@mail.ru

Research Associate; Chief Physician

Russian Federation, Pesochnyi village, Saint Petersburg; Sortavala Republic of Karelia

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Copyright (c) 2022 Molchanov O.E., Maistrenko D.N., Granov D.A., Lisitsin I.Y., Romanov A.A.

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