Study of the silver birchpollen allergoid

Olga S. Kulaga; Кулага Ольга Сергеевна; Gayane E. Avoyan; Авоян Гаяне Эммануиловна; Daria R. Esaulova; Есаулова Дарья Ростиславовна; Igor V. Andreev; Андреев Игорь Владимирович; Ksenia O. Nechay; Нечай Ксения Олеговна; Alexandr I. Andreev; Андреев Александр Игоревич; Karina B. Kicheeva; Кичеева Карина Басанговна; Olga S. Baklakova; Баклакова Ольга Сергеевна; Oleg V. Mislavsky; Миславский Олег Владимирович; Vladimir I. Gegechkori; Гегечкори Владимир Ираклиевич; Nikolay G. Cherchenko; Черченко Николай Георгиевич; Mikhail N. Sankov; Санков Михаил Николаевич; Аndrey Yu. Toptygin; Топтыгин Андрей Юрьевич; Svetlana M. Shvets; Швец Светлана Михайловна; Tatiana S. Romanova; Романова Татьяна Сергеевна; Elena A. Latysheva; Латышева Елена Александровна; Аlexander I. Martynov; Мартынов Александр Александр; Musa R. Khaitov; Хаитов Муса Рахимович

doi:10.36691/RJA1549

Study of the silver birchpollen allergoid

Authors: Kulaga O.S.¹, Avoyan G.E.¹, Esaulova D.R.¹, Andreev I.V.¹, Nechay K.O.¹, Andreev A.I.¹, Kicheeva K.B.², Baklakova O.S.³, Mislavsky O.V.¹, Gegechkori V.I.², Cherchenko N.G.¹, Sankov M.N.¹, Toptygin А.Y.¹, Shvets S.M.¹, Romanova T.S.¹, Latysheva E.A.¹, Martynov А.I.¹, Khaitov M.R.¹^,4
Affiliations:
1. National Research Center ― Institute of Immunology
2. The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
3. Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies
4. N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
Issue: Vol 19, No 3 (2022)
Pages: 328-335
Section: Original studies
URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/raj/article/view/121748
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36691/RJA1549
ID: 121748

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Birch pollen is one of the main allergens in central Russia, Europe, North America, and several other regions. Allergens contained in birch pollen often cause immunoglobulin E cross-reactivity with homologous proteins both in other trees and in various foods. Allergen immunotherapy is currently the only allergy-treating method that directly affects various links in disease pathogenesis, thereby changing the body’s response to the action of the allergen. The clinical effectiveness of allergen immunotherapy reaches 80%–90% and is expressed by decreased clinical manifestations and the need for drugs. An allergoid, unlike an allergen, retains its immunogenicity, but significantly loses its allergenicity, which makes it safer for use with allergen immunotherapy.

AIM: To obtain an allergoid from the pollen of silver birch (Bétula péndula) by processing it with glutaraldehyde.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The purified allergen isolated from pollen, by degreasing and water–salt extraction, was dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline at 7.5 pH and polymerized in 0.1% of glutaraldehyde solution. Stabilization was conducted with a sodium borohydride solution.

RESULTS: The allergoid significantly reduced its allergenicity compared to the original allergen after assessing the specific activity using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

CONCLUSIONS: This study obtained an allergen of the silver birch. The resulting allergen contains major and minor antigens of silver birch (Bet v 1, Bet v 2, Bet v 3, Bet v 6, and Bet v 7). Based on these, an allergoid was obtained by polymerization with glutaraldehyde. The resulting allergoid has a large molecular weight and a low allergenic activity, in comparison with the original allergen. Thereby, this allergoid can become the basis for obtaining new allergen immunotherapy preparations.

Keywords

allergoid, birch tree, allergen immunotherapy, AIT, standardization, pollen allergens, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA