Anthropogenic environmental factors as triggers of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children

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Abstract

In the 21st century, environmental factors of anthropogenic origin began to come under the close attention of scientists. There is an increase in the incidence of various nosological forms, with autoimmune pathogenesis. Among them, one of the most important endocrinopathies is type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), especially in children. In parallel, the urban population continues to grow. At the same time, up to 60% of the urban population of Russia (about 58.8 million people) lives in areas with high and very high levels of environmental pollution. Among the pollution factors, special attention is now drawn to the car and road complex, during the operation of which destruction aerosols are formed, forming a mixture of particles that includes a chemical composition of a mixture of silicon oxides, aluminum, iron, calcium, magnesium and organic substances, as well as compounds with heavy metals. The article analyzes the main sources of environmental pollution in Russian Federation, identifies the central/dominant model, and predicts significant and secondary models of possible regional correlation between the factors related to urbanization and spread of an autoimmune disease, which is DM1 among children of Russia.

About the authors

Lidia A. Soprun

Saint Petersburg State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: lidas7@yandex.ru

MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Health Care Organization and Medical Law

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Vladimir J. Utekhin

St. Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: utekhin44@mail.ru

MD, PhD, Associate Professor; MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Pathologic Physiology Courses Immunopathology and Medical Informatics

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Anton N. Gvozdetskiy

Saint Petersburg State University

Email: comisora@yandex.ru

Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Igor M. Akulin

Saint Petersburg State University

Email: akulinim@yandex.ru

MD, PhD, Dr Med Sci, Professor, Head, Department of Health Organization and Medical Law

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Leonid P. Churilov

Saint Petersburg State University; Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology

Email: elpach@mail.ru

MD, PhD, Dr Med Sci Professor, Head, Department of Pathology

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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2. Fig. 1. The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children 0–14 years old on the territory of the Russian Federation from 2008 to 2018. Along the ordinate axis – incidence (number of cases per 100 thousand population): y – the number of cases of newly diagnosed DM1; R is the approximation index. The solid line is the incidence line; dotted line – trend line

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3. Fig. 2. The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children 0–14 years old in different regions of the Russian Federation from 2008 to 2018. The abscissa shows the regions of the Russian Federation in order of increasing incidence; along the ordinate axis – incidence (number of cases per 100 thousand population): y – the number of cases of newly diagnosed DM1; R – is the approximation index

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4. Fig. 3. The dependence of type 1 diabetes on factors of urbanization

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Copyright (c) 2020 Soprun L.A., Utekhin V.J., Gvozdetskiy A.N., Akulin I.M., Churilov L.P.

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
 


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