Microbiota, biofilms and Helicobacter pylori in the diseases of gastroduodenal zone

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Abstract

Large number of bacteria inhabits the human body. Alterations of microbiota can be involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. The gastric microbiota consists of bacteria from 7 to 9 phyla, predominantly Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria. Some populations are known as «matrix-enclosed microbial communities», which adhere to biological and artificial surfaces. Formation of bacterial biofilms is implicated in many chronic diseases. Growth of microbial biofilm may lead to commune resistance to the immune defense of the host and antimicrobial drugs. Reports about Helicobacter pylori interactions with other microorganisms and influences on the composition and the structure of the gastric microbiota, are contradictory. This review summarizes current knowledge of the association of bacterial communities with gastroduodenal pathology. Recent studies suggest the involvement of the microbiota in the development of gastric cancer and the researches on animal models support this hypothesis. Excessive bacterial growth causes an accumulation of endogenous N-nitrosocompounds (N-nitrosoamines and N-nitrosoamides), which are the potential carcinogens. Antagonistic activity of bifidobacteria, lactobacteria and saccharomyces is used against Helicobacter pylori in the complex antibacterial therapy supplemented with probiotics and synbiotics. With the application of the sequencing the metagenomics and single cell genomics, we could further understand the composition and the properties of microbiota, the role in the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of the stomach and the duodenum, develop the new diagnostic and therapeutic tactics for the patients with gastroduodenal diseases.

About the authors

G Sh Isaeva

Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia

Email: guisaeva@rambler.ru

V B Ziatdinov

Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia

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© 2014 Isaeva G.S., Ziatdinov V.B.

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