Vol 80, No 5 (1999)
Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Professor Alexei Vasilievich Kibyakov
Abstract
September 27, 1999 marked the 100th anniversary of the birth of an outstanding representative of the Kazan physiological school, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences Alexei Vasilyevich Kibyakov.
Microelectrode "period of development of the Kazan physiological school
Abstract
The works of A.V. Kibyakov, devoted to the physiology of mediators, and above all his discovery of the participation of chemicals in the transmission of nerve impulses in the sympathetic ganglion of a cat, served as one of the cornerstones in the foundation of modern neurophysiology. Research A.V. Kibyakov for many decades determined the scientific interests of his immediate students and followers.
Modern ideas about mediators
Abstract
The current year 1999 is rich in significant dates for neurophysiologists - the World Decade (Decade) of the brain ends, 150 years since the birth of I.P. Pavlov and 100 years since the birth of A.V. Kibyakov. These dates are a serious reason for summing up some of the results of the development of neurophysiology. Without pretending to be an exhaustive analysis of this truly immense field of physiology, let us concentrate on the current state of the problem of mediators - a traditional topic of Kazan physiologists.
Baboon models of E.coli sepsis: role of phospholipid microparticles in disseminated intravascular Coagulation
Abstract
The experiences with primate models of E.coli sepsis with emphasis on the responses of the hemostatic system and the mechanism of these responses with emphasis on the role of phospholipid microparticles in mediating disseminated intravascular coagulation, (DIC) are discribed. Understanding the principles of how the hemostatic system responds to inflammatory stress depends on viewing this system as a collection of mediator and regulator factors. They are integrated into a balanced system consisting of four functional quadrants. Depending on circumstances this system is designed to control either the patency or the integrity of the cardiovascular system.
Is there a relation between myocardial infarction and na-li countertransport
Abstract
Membrane permeability in acute myocardial infarction and its course variants is studied. It is suggested that the state of Na-Li countertransport is defined by the genetic peculiarity of an individual and even as stress disease as myocardial infarction leaves its constant unchanged. High activity of Na-Li countertransport is a marker of the complicated course of myocardial infarction.
Efficiency of antioxidant therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction and unstable stenocardia
Abstract
The efficiency of preductal (trimetazidin), essentiale, li postabil and vitamin E in acute myocardial infarction and unstable stenocardia is estimated. It is shown that in unstable stenocardia and in the acute period of myocardial infarction the high level of lipid peroxide oxidation and the decrease of erythrocyte stability are observed. The clinical efficiency of antioxidants in the treatment of the acute forms of ischemic heart disease is proved: the antianginal effect is achieved, readaptation possibilities of patients to physical loads are increased, effect of anti rhythmical drugs is intensified, myocardial infarction size is limited (especially in using preductal). The presence of pronounced antioxidant and membranoprotective properties in preductal, lipostabil, essentiale comparing well with α-tokopherol is proved. It is shown that preductal manifests the antianginal effect by the microcirculation system and metabolism correction. Antioxidants promote the decrease of blood elements sledge and increase of the number of perfused capillars.
Immunologic peculiarities of the diagnosis and course prediction of pulmonary diseases of professional etiology
Abstract
The work to improve early diagnosis of professional pulmonary diseases and prediction of theis course using current estimation methods of cellular and humoral links of the immune system was carried out. It is istablished that the changes, intensity and nature of which depend on fibrogenety of dust particles, develop in the immune system of workers in the process of contact with industrial aerosols. The tendency to forming secondary immunodeficient state is revealed. The pronounced increase of fibronectin is found in the analysis of nonspecific organism defense mechanisms. In chronic dioxine action the macrophagal — neutrophilic system is made more active initially, the immune system is involved for the second time.
Peculiarities of neurotic disorders of patients with somatic disease forms resistant to therapy
Abstract
The structure and incidence of neurotic disorders were studied in patients with ischemic heart disease, bronchial asthma and duodenal ulcer resistant to somatotropic therapy. Significant peculiarities negatively affecting the efficiency of somatotropic therapy: increased incidence of hyposthenic neurasthenia, mixed trouble and depressive disorders, phobic manifestations as well as phenomena of somatophorm disfunction of vegetative nervous system are revealed. The data obtained indicate the increase of specific gravity of neurotic disorders in patients with resistant forms of somatic diseases complicating the pathogenesis and clinical picture of the disease, and promoting the decrease of the efficiency of somatotropic therapy.
State of antioxidant mechanisms in ischemic insults
Abstract
The activity of superoxidismutase and catalase in thrombocytes as well as content of α-tocopherol and β-carotin in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in 193 patients with ischemic insult are studied. Incompetence of the mechanisms of antioxidant defense correlating with gravity and outcome of ischemic insult is established. Depression of various links of the antioxidant defense system in blood plasma, thrombocytes and cerebrospinal fluid affects the gravity of clinical manifestations of the disease.
Diagnosis algorythm of acute destructive cholecystitis
Abstract
The complex diagnosis algorythm of acute destructive cholecystitis based on the use of a diagnostic table is developed. It is suggested to estimate the disease dynamics in repeated investigations by the change of “diagnostic states”. The obtained algorythm is examined in two control groups: in 75 patients operated as to various cholecystitis forms as well as in 92 patients hospitalized because of extreme indications and treated conservatively. In both control groups — in single examination (88 cases) sensitivity of the method is 91,7%, specificity is 97,3%, accuracy is 96,6%, in dynamic examinations (78 cases) they are 92,3%, 100%, 95,6%, respectively.
Use of pentagastrin for correction of the functional state of liver after stomach resection
Abstract
The disorder of the functional state of liver is found in 67,7% of patients after stomach resection. Significance of the disorder of the absorption — excretory function of liver in developing postgastroresectional disturbances is shown. For correction of the disorders of liver functions the synthetic analog of the gastrin, gastrointestinal hormonepentagastrin is used which caused recovery of liver functions and improvement of the functional state of operated stomach along with positive dynamics of clinical symptoms.
On the prolonged and controlled cerebrospinal anesthesia
Abstract
The catheterization of subarachnoid space was used which made it possible to perform the adequate anesthesia in lower extremity amputation, adenomectomy and phlebectomy, and the prolonged anesthesia in the immediate postoperative period. The catheterization of subarachnoid space has the following advantages: anesthesia comes earlier, its level is higher, it is easily performed, dozes of drugs are less.
Radial polydactylia: classification and operative treatment
Abstract
The working classification of radial polydactylia is given which includes three basic forms of this pathology as well as types of surgical interventions depending on the fonn. The remote results are followed in 27 sick children (67,5%) of 40 sick children with radial polydactylia. The best results are obtained in patients with the first form of polydactylia (63%) after removing the underdeveloped additional finger. The analysis of remote results showed the efficiency of operative interventions performed taking into account radial polidactylia forms.
Clinical and membranostabilizing effects of dimephosphone and prednizolone and/or cyclophosphamide in the treatment of active glomerulonephritis
Abstract
The dynamics of clinicolaboratory indices and destabilization of membranes in patients with active glomerulonephritis is studied in the treatment with dimephosphone (54 persons), prednizolone and/or cyclophosphamide (66), dimephosphone combined with prednizolone and/or cyclophosphamide (24) is studied. The most clinical and membranostabilizing effect is achieved in 2—4 weeks that can be used for revealing sensitivity or resistance to dimephosphone and solving the problem of the utility of the further therapy. In the treatment of active glomerulonephritis the combined use of dimephosphone with prednizolone and/or cyclophosphamide has advantages of the isolated use of dimephosphone or immunosupressive therapy since it eliminates the problem of resistance to the drug.
Physiology and pathophysiology of melatonin
Abstract
Studies devoted to the role of biogenic monoamines and peptide hormones in the formation of physiological and pathophysiological reactions have attracted particular attention in recent years. At the same time, the important role of the cells producing these substances, united by Peasse into a single functionally active peripheral neuroendocrine system (APU D-system), is emphasized.
Disease incidence of rural population depending on a family type
Abstract
Reliable differences between disease incidence of persons loving in the rural region and having varions material and housing conditions: good, satisfactory or bad are defined by family members behaviour: use of annual holiday, relations in a family, smoking, use of alcohol. Disease incidence of members of various rural family types statistically reliably differs in families with various levels of medical activity: low, medium and high. Unfavourable social and hygienic behaviour social level of medical activity in forming disease incidence of rural population by family types are establishhed.
On provision of medicines for privileged categories of the population
Abstract
In recent years, everywhere, including in Kazan, the problem of providing the population and healthcare institutions with medicines has acquired great social importance. Particularly acute is the problem of organizing drug assistance to benefit categories of the population during their outpatient treatment and providing medical institutions with drugs.
Evaluation method of the immune status in children with atopic dermatitis
Abstract
The complex evaluation method of the immune status in children with atopic dermatitis using hemogram is developed on the basis of mathematical simulation. The linear regression is used as complex evaluation of the immune status in children with atopic dermatitis does not require special knowledge of programming and computer, it is simple and can be applied in every medical institution supplied with personal computers.
Professor Vyacheslav Nikolaevich Medvedev
Abstract
On August 30, 1999, after a serious long illness, Vyacheslav Nikolayevich Medvedev, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Surgical Diseases No. 2 of the KSMU, Head of the Kazan Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, died.