Vol 60, No 3 (1979)
Theoretical and clinical medicine
Analysis of the indicators of the phases of the cardiac cycle of both ventricles according to the curves of speed and acceleration
Abstract
Comparison of the curves of precordial rheograms of velocity and acceleration with ventricular cardiograms revealed their fundamental similarity in shape and time phase intervals. Synchronous registration of rheographic curves of speed and acceleration and differential ventricular cardiograms has an advantage over methods that use only the general rheogram and its first derivative. Obtaining all phases of the cardiac cycle, especially the right ventricle, by a bloodless method makes the technique convenient for use in cardiological studies.
Differential diagnosis of aortic heart disease
Abstract
Based on the results of a comprehensive clinical and instrumental examination of 191 patients, it was established that the qualitative characteristics of the polycardiogram, left ventricular cardiogram and electrokymogram have a differential diagnostic value in assessing aortic heart defects.
Phosphatase activity in ischemic heart disease
Abstract
The activity of four phosphatases (acidic, alkaline, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase) was studied in 167 patients with various manifestations of coronary insufficiency, including acute myocardial infarction and chronic coronary insufficiency. An increase in the activity of enzymes in angina pectoris in 18-30% of patients and in myocardial infarction in 20-63% was found.
The possibility of increasing the activity of CP, ALP due to complications of atherosclerosis should be taken into account when making a differential diagnosis of various diseases accompanied by increased activity of phosphatases.
Clinical evaluation of cuspidoside
Abstract
In 78 patients with circulatory insufficiency, a cardiac glycoside, cuspidoside, was used as the main therapeutic agent. During therapy with cuspidoside, the initial degree of circulatory failure decreased in 72% of the surveyed. Under the influence of cuspidoside, the parameters of central hemodynamics (cardiac and stroke index, blood flow velocity, total peripheral vascular resistance) and blood flow in the liver and kidneys improved. The drug has a diuretic effect, helps to increase the content of total metabolizable potassium in the body. The research results give grounds to recommend it for wide clinical use.
Cystamine in the treatment of hypertensive patients
Abstract
“Treatment of patients with hypertension complicated by hyperoxic tissue hypoxia with the antioxidant drug cystamine B, in combination with antihypertensive therapy led to an improvement in redox processes, resulting in a decrease in the refractoriness of arterial hypertension to antihypertensive drugs.
Possibilities for predicting hypercholesterolemia in pilots
Abstract
The dependence of the frequency of hypercholesterolemia of 6.45 mmol / l on age, average annual flight time, job category, class qualifications, and flight specialty in 300 pilots was studied. The likelihood coefficients of the risk of hypercholesterolemia were calculated. An assessment table has been developed, which makes it possible to correctly predict the risk of hypercholesterolemia in 84% and take a differentiated approach to the primary prevention of atherosclerosis in pilots.
Key Findings from Studying Natal Spinal Injuries
Abstract
The results of a clinical examination of more than 500 patients with natal spinal injuries are summarized. A number of new neurological symptoms have been described: the symptom of a "short neck", transverse folds on the neck, a "falling head", local angular kyphosis, asymmetry of folds on the thighs and buttocks, "frog posture", a symptom of a "doll's leg", paralytic clubfoot, etc. Proposed carry out therapeutic measures taking into account the localization of the lesion.
Blood clotting in children with chronic cerebral vascular insufficiency
Abstract
The thromboelastography method was used to study the hemocoagulation system in 59 children with chronic cerebral vascular insufficiency in the vertebrobasilar vascular system, the cause of which was natal injury of the cervical spine and vertebral arteries. The data obtained indicate hypercoagulemia in the examined children.
On the question of paralytic hip dislocations in children
Abstract
When examining children registered for hip dislocations, some of them were found to have a natally determined neurological pathology - either lower flaccid paraparesis or myatonic syndrome with gross hypotension in the legs. The author comes to the conclusion that dislocations in children with such gross hypotension in the legs are most likely secondary, paralytic and require pathogenetic therapy.
Changes in external respiration in patients with severe traumatic brain injury
Abstract
Examination of patients with severe traumatic brain injury showed that the degree of impaired external respiration in them depends on the localization and severity of brain damage. The study of the dynamics of indicators of external respiration in such patients makes it possible to monitor the course of the disease and promptly undertake corrective treatment.
Surgical treatment of patients with bilateral coxarthrosis
Abstract
The study of long-term outcomes of operations on one hip joint in patients with stage II-III bilateral coxarthrosis showed that the progression of arthrosis in the unoperated joint occurred twice as often as in the operated one. Therefore, in case of bilateral coxarthrosis of the II-III stage, it is recommended to perform low-traumatic surgical interventions according to Foss, simultaneously or sequentially, without lifting the patient to his feet.
Treatment of patients with diseases and injuries of the extremities with a new method of phonophoresis
Abstract
In the treatment of 298 patients with various diseases and injuries of the extremities, 103 of them (34.4%) used the usual phonophoresis technique and 195 (65.6%) - the method proposed by the author. In patients treated according to the new method, a positive therapeutic effect was obtained in 96.9%, and when using the conventional phonophoresis method - in 82.5%. It is proposed to introduce more widely into practice phonophoresis treatment according to a new technique
Reviews
The mechanism of changes in myocardial contractility during extrasystole and paired cardiac stimulation
Abstract
Reasonable therapy of rhythm disturbances is impossible without taking into account the mechanisms of heart rate alteration. In turn, changes in myocardial contractility in arrhythmias should not be considered only within the framework of physiological self-regulation of the heart [9], since this reduces interest in the alleged pathogenetic role of a number of features of the mechanical activity of the heart muscle.
Etiology and pathogenesis of deforming arthrosis of the hip joint
Abstract
Coxarthrosis is one of the most common and severe degenerative-dystrophic lesions of the hip joint [2, 5, 9, 18]. Meanwhile, many aspects of its etiology and pathogenesis remain insufficiently studied. From 11 to 43.6% are coxarthrosis of unknown etiology [20]; many authors, mainly foreign ones, consider them "primary".
Clinical experiences
Experience of preventive treatment with anticoagulants in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease in a local hospital
Abstract
From January 1969 to December 1977, we examined and treated 221 patients with various manifestations of coronary heart disease (men - 148, women - 73) with heparin or indirect anticoagulants in the inpatient department of the local hospital and on an outpatient basis. 51 patients had myocardial infarction, 35 had arterial hypertension, 4 had diabetes mellitus; 118 patients had frequent attacks of angina pectoris, 3 were diagnosed with cardiac asthma, 77 showed signs of grade I heart failure.
The effectiveness of outpatient treatment of patients with chronic ischemic heart disease
Abstract
In 1975-1977. 36 patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (26 men and 10 women aged 30 to 71 years) were under dispensary observation and treatment in the polyclinic of the Bashkir branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. 29 patients are scientific workers, the rest are employees and workers.
A case of intravital diagnosis of idiopathic myocardial hypertrophy
Abstract
Diagnosis of idiopathic myocardial hypertrophy presents significant difficulties. Some authors consider this pathology as the outcome of a special severe inflammatory process in the myocardium, proceeding according to the type of idiopathic myocarditis of Abramov - Fiedler.
The state of hemocoagulation during surgical blood loss
Abstract
The reaction of the blood coagulation system in response to surgical blood loss has been and remains the subject of close attention of researchers. We analyzed coagulograms of patients with peptic ulcer disease (71 people), who underwent gastric resection under endotracheal anesthesia with ether using muscle relaxants. We carried out blood tests in the course of the operation. Operational blood loss was determined gravimetrically.
Treatment of teratomas of the sacrococcygeal region in children
Abstract
For 12 years, the clinic for pediatric surgery has admitted 17 children with teratomas of the sacrococcygeal region — 12 girls and 5 boys. Thus, our data confirm the observations of individual authors about the predominant occurrence of sacrococcygeal teratomas in girls. 8 children were hospitalized in the neonatal period, 3 - up to 2 months of age, 1 - up to 6 months, 3 - up to a year and 2 - over 1 year.
Social hygiene and healthcare management
Organization of specialized traumatological and orthopedic care for the population of the USSR
Abstract
The traumatological and orthopedic service is one of the most important types of specialized care for the population, since trauma and orthopedic diseases occupy one of the first places among the causes of morbidity, mortality and disability among the population. That is why in the decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On measures to further improve public health" (September 22, 1977), a special place is given to the development and improvement of traumatological and orthopedic care for the population of the country.
Implementation of the achievements of traumatology and orthopedics into practice
Abstract
The experience of Kazan Research Institute for Traumatology and Orthopedics in the implementation of scientific achievements in the field of traumatology and orthopedics in health care practice is generalized. The results of the development of new methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment developed at the institute in the area of its activity were summed up. Measures are proposed to improve the implementation of research results in health care practice.
Clinical examination of patients with arterial hypertension at industrial enterprises
Abstract
When examining men aged 40-54 years at some industrial enterprises in the city of Cheboksary, arterial hypertension was detected in 16.5%. As a result of medical examination, more than half of the patients achieved a decrease in blood pressure to a normal level.
On the effectiveness of creating quarantine groups in the fight against dysentery in children's centers
Abstract
The materials of the study over 3 years of the effectiveness of admitting children through quarantine groups in newly opened and operating children's complexes are summarized. In 1974-1975. the detection rate of patients with dysentery in the newly opened factories was 1.2%. Quarantine for newly admitted and long-term absent children is an ineffective form of work in the fight against dysentery in children's centers.
Hygiene
The effect of the pesticide granosan on soil microflora
Abstract
The effect of the organometallic pesticide Granosan on the microflora of the soil occupied by agricultural crops was studied. It has been established that granosan has a depressing effect on saprophytic microflora. Its introduction into the soil causes the appearance of forms of microorganisms resistant to it.
Biomechanical assessment of working postures of oil workers
Abstract
Working postures of oil workers (driller, first assistant, horseman) in the process of labor activity have been studied by modeling methods. The positions of the driller and the horseman were recognized as particularly unfavorable in the biomechanical aspect. Recommendations are given for the ergonomic rationalization of the workplace at the drilling rig and for the prevention and timely detection of spinal pathology in drilling crews
Assistance to the practicing physician
Treatment tactics for chest injuries
Abstract
An analysis of the results of treatment of 214 patients with chest injury, of whom in 111 it was penetrating, showed that the most optimal is active expectant tactics and surgery according to absolute indications. Puncture of the pleural cavity and follow-up thoracocentesis were used in 29.5% of the wounded, and a cure was achieved. The X-ray method is of leading importance in diagnostics. The success of treatment also depends on the timely elimination of respiratory disorders, cessation of shock, blood loss.
Treatment of patients with multiple and associated injuries
Abstract
Treatment of patients with multiple and associated injuries is a complex problem. On the streets and roads of the world, according to the WHO, every 2 minutes another victim of a transport accident dies, every 5 minutes someone becomes disabled as a result of an injury.
Conferences
First All-Union Symposium on Rheoplethysmographic Research Methods
Abstract
The symposium was organized by the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, the Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry named after V.I. IM Sechenov Academy of Sciences of the USSR, All-Union Scientific Medical and Technical Society. Scientists, practitioners and engineers from 27 cities of the Soviet Union took part in its work. 40 reports and 86 posters were heard and discussed.