Vol 34, No 7 (1938)
The role of the stomach in blood formation
Abstract
In 1850 Fenwick first drew attention to the relationship between the amount of hemoglobin (Hb) and erythrocytes in peripheral blood, on the one hand, and gastric secretion, on the other. But his observations concerned only pernicious anemia, in which the author noted the frequent presence of achilia and considered the latter as a symptom of atrophy of the gastric mucosa, anemia as a consequence of achilia.
Study of stomach functions by chromoscopy
Abstract
In recent years, the clinic has shown considerable interest in the excretory function of the stomach. In a normal stomach, in addition to hydrochloric acid and pepsin (secretory function), urea, ammonia, creatinine and other urinary substances are found (excretory function). Kidney diseases, causing a delay in nitrogenous toxins in the blood, sometimes give a rather significant increase in the amount of these substances in the gastric contents, which is very aptly characterized by the expression of prof. Konchalovsky "the stomach is urinating". In the vomit of uremics, increased amounts of urea and ammonia are found. Acute pneumonia is accompanied by sharp autolytic processes, and they find high levels of residual nitrogen both in the blood and in the gastric contents.
Insulin in the treatment of liver diseases
Abstract
Since the time when Richter first proposed the use of insulin for the treatment of hepatic patients in 1924, considerable clinical material has already accumulated, confirming the effectiveness of this method. Thus, Humbert recommends this therapy in all cases of severe jaundice. Schneider, Yarsh, Vartengorst and others have established a beneficial effect, ”insulin in various cases of liver disease. Jacobi and also Grunenberg obtained good results with insulin-sugar treatment in cases of moderate liver failure and simple catarrhal jaundice. Gertsky and Bamberger report that they were able to observe one case, recovery from extremely severe liver damage (under acute yellow atrophy and phosphorus poisoning). Benes also describes excellent results in two cases of subacute atrophy. In cases where it is necessary to operate on patients during jaundice, Bernard recommends always before the operation to carry out a course of insulin-sugar treatment, which, in his opinion, is a good preventive measure against postoperative complications. Gaberer, using the intravenous effects of glucose and insulin, considers it possible to operate on liver patients even in a coma. In our Union, for the first time, the importance of the use of insulin in liver disease was pointed out by prof. Lepskaya at the IX All-Union Congress of Physicians in 1926. In 1927, Akatova published observations on nine cases of insulin treatment of catarrhal jaundice, and in all cases she received good results: a reduction in the disease from the usual 3-5 weeks to two and even up to one week, a mild course of the disease, a rapid disappearance of dyspeptic symptoms. Eppinger finds the effects of insulin and glucose in so-called "catarrhal jaundice" astounding. Bergman regards insulin administration as progress in the treatment of liver diseases. Good results were also obtained by Klein, Herzler, Boller and Iberrak, and in our Ginzburg Union, however, using a slightly different technique than other authors, which we will discuss below.
Local dishes in health food
Abstract
When building a food ration, we must not only observe the correct ratio of nutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, vitamins and water), but also strive to include nutrients that are maximally assimilated. As you know, gastric digestion, the so-called assimilation of food, is more energetic and more complete when the dishes served meet the habits and tastes of a person. The development of diets based on local dishes is gaining importance in dietetics.
To the diagnosis of pulmonary artery sclerosis (Ayers disease)
Abstract
In the clinic of internal medicine, the so-called "blue disease" (Morbus coeruleus) has long been known, characterized by persistent and widespread cyanosis, covering the face, upper body and limbs. The cause of such cyanosis, or, as they are sometimes called, "blackness" (due to the intensity of the cyanotic color), most authors considered congenital heart defects (mainly narrowing of the pulmonary artery), leading to displacement of arterial and venous blood. But, starting from the second half of the 19th century, a number of authors (Lasche, Reich, Aust, Adler, Briand) described cases accompanied by severe cyanosis, shortness of breath and an enlargement of the right stomach, diagnosed by them as congenital defects or defects of mitral valves, and where on the section no defect was found, but pulmonary artery sclerosis was found. The authors drew attention to the fact that in most of these cases there was no general arteriosclerosis or sclerosis of the great circle vessels. This disease began to attract the attention of doctors, and in 1901 Argentine clinician Iersa reported a disease, which he believed to be caused by widespread pulmonary artery sclerosis. The main symptoms of this disease, according to Iers, are: constant and sharp cyanosis of the head, neck, mucous membrane of the tongue, eyes and extremities, severe shortness of breath, polyglobulia, drowsiness and hypertrophy and dilation of the right stomach. The author himself called this disease Cardiacos negros, and in the clinic it received the name "Ayers disease". 7 years later, in 1908, Posselt wrote about 170 cases he collected in the world literature, and about 10 of his own cases, confirmed by autopsies. The diagnosis was made during life in 7 cases. Posselt and other authors (Arrilyaga, Frisoni) supplement the clinical picture described by Ayers with constant headaches, frequent hemoptysis, due to stagnation in the pulmonary circulation, and chest pains accompanied by a feeling of fear and anxiety.
Surgical treatment of fresh wounds according to Friedrich
Abstract
In surgical theory and practice, it has been proven quite accurately that any accidental wound is infected. In the post-war period, the problem of treating such wounds has greatly occupied the minds of surgeons in all countries. A wide variety of remedies and treatments have been and are being offered. However, the method proposed by Friedrich back in 1898 is now generally accepted both in terms of its theoretical foundations and practical results. Prof. Gorinevskaya, with the systematic application of this method of treating fresh wounds, achieved in 90% of all cases of primary healing. How much does this percentage differ from the results that we have even with clean surgical wounds?
To the method of osteoplastic fixation of supraacromial dislocations of the clavicle
Abstract
Dislocations of the clavicle are relatively common. According to Friedland, they account for about 1.5 - 2% of all dislocations, according to Sommer - 4.4%, Stimson - 6%; Tikhov and Speed indicate a larger percentage (8% - 9.4%). On the material of the Ukrainian Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Berkhin), out of 466 dislocations, there were 76 dislocations of the clavicle, which is 16.5%.
Shimanovsky's operation as a normal method of replacing partial defects of the upper lip
Abstract
The general principles of halo and dentistry are well established. But the indications for the use of this or that method are not strictly delineated, and the choice of the method of operation in some cases may present certain difficulties. Therefore, the study of various methods of restoration of defects in the oral area is of great practical importance.
Ligamentum flavum as a source of formation of annular constrictions of the dural sac in closed fractures of the spine
Abstract
More than a hundred years have passed since Alban Smith first achieved successful results after surgery on the contents of the spinal canal for compression of the spinal cord as a result of a closed fracture. Despite considerable surgical experience and hundreds of observations, the problem of surgical treatment of spinal fractures complicated by nervous phenomena remains one of the controversial, topical and burning problems of neurosurgery today.
Ossification in atrophic eyes
Abstract
The formation of bone tissue in atrophied eyes, according to a number of authors (Strakhov, Orechkin, and others), refers to a rather rare phenomenon; only a few such cases are described in the literature. Prof. Averbach explains this only by the fact that not all enucleated atrophied eyes are subjected to postmortem examination, and their ossification is thus seen in a significant percentage of cases.
Treatment of corneal ulcers with trachoma Iontophoresis
Abstract
The problem of treating trachoma cannot be considered solved, and therefore there is a constant desire to find new ways to treat this disease and its complications. One of the relatively new methods is iontophoresis treatment of trachoma. This method of treatment consists in injecting drug ions through an electric current through intact tissues. The method being analyzed is based on electrolysis. When salts, acids or bases dissolve in distilled water, each molecule decomposes into ions, some of which are positively charged (cations), others are negatively (anions), and the weaker the solution, the more molecules decompose into ions, as they say, dissociates. When such a dissociated solution is included in the direct current circuit, the ions start to move, and the cations move to the negative pole, and the anions to the positive pole. This ability of the ion to move from the charged pole of the same name with it is used to introduce a medicinal substance into the body by means of an electric current. Ions of copper, zinc, atropine and other alkaloids and metals are introduced into the eye from the positive pole; ions of iodine, salicylic acid, i.e., halogens, acid radicals, are introduced into the eye from the negative pole. Korenevich, Ruata, Bonvech, Dolganov, Malkin, Kolenko, Erlanger, Korn and others point to good results of trachoma treatment with iontophoresis. These authors treated the trachomatous conjunctiva with iontophoresis of copper and zinc and obtained favorable results in terms of reducing the infiltration and resorption of follicles. Erlanger, recommending this method of treatment, writes that in the treatment of trachoma and. f. you need to be patient, you do not need to use large doses, the session should not last more than 2 minutes and the current strength should not exceed 2 MA, and, finally, you need to change medications. There are few observations on the treatment of ulcerative processes of the cornea in trachoma, but encouraging results have been obtained in these few works (Belsky, Erlanger). The question of the treatment of diseases of the cornea of non-trachomatous origin by iontophoresis has been sufficiently highlighted in the literature from the positive side (Wirtz, Erlanger, Birkhaizer, Kryukman, Korotnev, Ptashnik, Luzhinsky, Ruatha, Bonvech, Dolganov, Dolgikh, Kolenko).
Determination of arsenic in food using the Gozio test
Abstract
In forensic practice, there is often a need to study food products for the content of toxic impurities, in particular arsenic. Sometimes a laboratory receives several objects at once in the same case, and each of these objects must be investigated separately. Such work takes a lot of time and labor, and often as a result of research it turns out that there are no poisonous substances in the objects sent.
The role of RES in the Shvartsman phenomenon
Abstract
In the literature, there are many works devoted to the study of the phenomenon of Shvartsman, described by him in 1928. The study of this phenomenon went in two directions: the first direction is represented by works that clarify the nature of the substances that cause the Shvartsman phenomenon.
Two cases of stomach cancer at a young age
Abstract
From the literature on cancer at a young age, it is clear that stomach cancer occurs, albeit rarely, in a wide variety of periods of young age. Gak, Derzhavin, reporting on his observation of a case of stomach cancer in a 32-year-old woman, cites from the literature the case of Gullingworth — stomach cancer in a 5-week-old child. Kulich's case is in a 1½ year old child, Dietrex's case is in a 12-year-old girl, Schaeffer's case is in an H-year-old boy. Cookin, in his report on stomach cancer in an 18-year-old patient, cites cases of gastric cancer in fetuses (cases of Wilkinson and Wiederhofer). In his report on two cases of stomach cancer at the age of 25 and 27, Redko cites statistics on cancer at a young age, which he collected from Russian and foreign literature before 1914. According to his statistics, out of 592 cases of cancer under 30 years of age, stomach cancer accounted for 32 cases, with 2 cases up to 5 years, from 10 to 15 years 3 cases, from 15 to 20 years 2 cases, from 20 to 25 years 8 cases ., from 25 to 30 years old 17 cases. Krasavitov, who reported a case of stomach cancer in a 24-year-old woman in 1924, says that stomach cancer at a young age is very rare and a total of 34 cases have been described in the literature. Shegal, in his report on cancer at a young age, points out that from 1914 to 1929, literary material on stomach cancer in persons under 30 years of age barely totals 100 cases. Regarding the incidence of gastric cancer at a young age, we could not obtain from the available literature figures based on a large amount of material. Cancer statistics given in special guidelines do not particularly highlight this issue. According to old Penzoldt statistics, 10% of stomach cancers occur at the age of 30, 2% at the age of 20. Rigel, in the Notnagel manual, cites data from various authors who indicated the incidence of gastric cancer before 30 years at 2, 2.5 and 3%. According to the statistics of Fusch and Panek from the Hohenegg clinic, based on 1717 cases of cancer, gastric cancer occurred in patients under 10 years of age 1 time, up to 20 years - 14 times, up to 30 years - 48 times. According to the recently published materials of the Leningrad Oncological Institute, out of 1492 cases of stomach cancer that have passed through the Institute over the past 10 years, stomach cancer under 30 years old was diagnosed in 19 people (1.3%), of which the youngest was a 23-year-old patient. Shegal believes that stomach cancer occurs at a young age in 1-3%.
On the casuistry of foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal path
Abstract
The ingress of foreign bodies into the human body occurs on a daily basis and accounts for a large percentage of sudden illnesses. According to Vakar's statistics, the Odessa rescue station has registered 1868 cases with a foreign body as the cause of sudden illnesses for 7 years. In the Moscow Institute of Emergency Aid. Sklifasovsky, 2324 cases of esophageal foreign bodies were observed for 11 years, of which 2247 cases. esophagoscopy was used. Schlemmer cites material in 1657 esophagoscopies about foreign bodies of the esophagus. Diseases in connection with a foreign body in the gastrointestinal canal are much less common, but in some cases such a foreign body necessitates surgical intervention. Foreign bodies enter the stomach cavity either through the mouth, or through the intestines and from neighboring hollow organs, or when injured. These bodies are swallowed either by accident, due to carelessness or fast food, sometimes due to pranks by children, or due to mental illness. We have observed two cases of swallowing sewing needles.
Spontaneous rupture of the small intestine with a hernia
Abstract
Cases of spontaneous rupture of the small intestine with a hernia are extremely rare. So, in 1929, Slonim collected in the literature only 23 cases of spontaneous rupture of the small intestine from the tension of the abdominal press. In 1932, a similar case is given by Garber, and in 1936, 4 more cases are described by Pozanov. Thus, in the literature available to us, 28 cases of spontaneous rupture in persons with hernia have been published. We had a case to observe a spontaneous rupture of the small intestine in the patient in the presence of a bilateral inguinal hernia.
To the casuistry of Amputatio interscapulo-thoracica, produced under local anesthesia
Abstract
The operation of removing the upper limb together with the scapula, called Amputatio interscapulo-thoracica, is associated in the literature with the name of Berger, who published a monograph in 1887, which described in detail the technique and method of performing this operation.
On the question of the effect of chlorine inhalation on ROE
Abstract
In order to study the effect of chlorine inhalations on the human body, we set ourselves the task of studying the erythrocyte sedimentation reaction in patients under the influence of therapeutic doses of chlorine (1: 200000) with an exposure of 30 minutes.
A rare case of spontaneous healing ear polyp
Abstract
The formation of polyps in chronic purulent inflammation of the middle ear is a fairly frequent phenomenon. Developing in most cases from the mucous membrane of the middle ear as a result of prolonged discharge from it, the polyps enter the ear canal through a defect in the tympanic membrane. Having reached a certain value, they begin to prevent the free flow of secretions and thus maintain inflammation. A circulus vitiosus is created, for the elimination of which, as the first measure, it is necessary to eliminate polyps. Drug treatment for them, especially those of significant magnitude, usually does not reach the goal. The only reliable treatment for polyps is surgery. Spontaneous cure of polyps is also extremely rare. Like tumors on a pedicle of various origins, a polyp sitting on a pedicle can twist, or, getting into the ear canal through a small perforation, be impaired and, due to a cessation of nutrition, undergo necrosis. However, in reality, such outcomes are very rare. At least I don’t remember that in the literature available to me there was a description of such cases. The recent case of middle ear polyp seems to be all the more interesting. The patient was under observation for a long time, was admitted to the clinic for an operation, and already here, in a very short period of time, the polyp changed so much that the operation was not required. Literally before our eyes, the polyp healed itself. Here is the case history.
Extrapleural pneumothorax
Abstract
Artificial intrapleural pneumothorax deservedly ranks first among the surgical methods used in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. A simple, easily assimilated technique of its imposition, uncomplicated equipment make it possible to use it in any place where there is a doctor who knows the clinic of pulmonary tuberculosis. Unfortunately, the persistent effect of its use is limited to recent cases, where the spread of the process has not touched the pulmonary pleura, i.e., where there are no adhesions between the pleural sheets. In older lesions, only partial pneumothorax is usually obtained. The collapse of the cavity in these cases is prevented by adhesions or adhesions, and if they are inaccessible to burning out, then the choice remains: either to stop and. etc., or continue blowing, counting on their palliative effect — lowering the temperature, improving the general condition, even if the cavity did not have a tendency to collapse. Persistent continuation of ineffective and. the item is fraught with formidable complications, especially in cases where the cavity is exposed during the act of breathing to stretching by adhesions - "jerking", as is clearly seen during thoracoscopy, or where the cavity is marginal, close to the visceral pleura. The experience of a large number of thoracoscopies convinced us that where there are adhesions that cannot technically be eliminated by burning, the continuation of pneumothorax almost inevitably entails pneumopleuritis. And in the presence of a superficially located cavity, this pleurisy has every chance of becoming purulent immediately or very soon. Marginal caverns in these cases can give even more serious complications - spontaneous pneumothorax, followed by purulent pneumopleuritis in a significant percentage of cases.
About the V all-Union meeting on the fight against rheumatism
Abstract
The V All-Union Conference on the Fight against Rheumatism was held in Moscow from January 31 to February 3, 1938. The term of the meeting coincided with the tenth anniversary of the formation of the All-Union Committee for the Study of Rheumatism and the fight against it.
Unified working classification of acute rheumatism and joint diseases of various origins
Abstract
The 5th All-Union Meeting on Rheumatism, summing up the results of the clinical studies of acute rheumatism in children and adults, made a number of additions to the "Unified Working Classification of Acute Rheumatism (Buyot's Disease) and Joint Diseases of Various Origin in 1934.
Defense of dissertations
Abstract
In a public meeting of the Council of the Kazan State Medical Institute on 7 / V / 38, a thesis for the degree of candidate of medical sciences was defended by Associate Professor of the Department of Operative Surgery of the Izhevsk Medical Institute A.P. Borshchov on the topic
"Types of connective tissue spaces and fascia of the lower limb in connection with the spread of suppuration in the tissue."
The phenomenon of skin hypersensitivity to bacterial filtrates, its relation to anaphylatoxin, Forssman antibodies and serum toxicity
Abstract
In the phenomenon of skin hypersensitivity, the reactivity of the latter is caused exclusively by the introduction of bacterial filtrates. The addition to bacterial filtrates of some complexes of antigen 4-antibody or human serum, guinea pig, as well as agar or starch causes a severe hemorrhagic reaction in the area of the skin that was prepared by the introduction of bacterial filtrates. In the present study, the author examines the relationship between the phenomenon itself and the factors causing the hemorrhagic reaction of the skin (“provoking factors”), in particular the action of anaphylatoxin, the antigen + Forssman antibody complex and some toxic serums.
Effect of epinephrine and ephedrine on anaphylactic reactivity in actively sensitized animals
Abstract
Adrenaline, which is widely used in allergic diseases, undoubtedly has the ability to stop attacks of bronchial asgma. Gergardt explains this beneficial effect of adrenaline by the fact that, by stimulating dilatation of the bronchi, it weakens the tension of their constrictors and thus resolves bronchial spasm. However, prolonged use of adrenaline leads to a weakening or even to the destruction of its beneficial effect in bronchial asthma; this leads the researchers to assume that under the influence of the injected adrenaline, substances are formed that cause sensitization of the body to the allergen.
Influence of the presence of various vitamins in food on anaphylactic shock in guinea pigs
Abstract
A number of researchers have long drawn attention to the seasonal fluctuations of some allergic diseases and put this in connection with the different content of vitamins in food at different times of the year (Moro and Hamburger). There was also a difference in the sensitivity of sensitized guinea pigs to the antigen in winter and summer (Rissіayk, Schaefer).
Does the administration of ascorbic acid protect guinea pigs from anaphylactic shock
Abstract
Since it has been established that vitamin C plays a certain role in the course of a number of infectious diseases, as well as in hemorrhagic diathesis, leukemia, Graves' disease and scourge, the author believes that treatment with ascorbic acid should have a certain effect in allergic diseases.
The effect of a mixture of hormones on anaphylactic reactivity in actively sensitized animals
Abstract
The author cites in detail the data of studies showing that extracts from various organs have a definite effect on the anaphylactic reactivity of animals. In his own experiments carried out on a large number of animals, the author studied the effect of a mixture of hormones on this phgnomen and obtained results that are partially different from those observed when the hormones are used separately.
Treatment of secondary anemia with ultraviolet rays
Abstract
The author took under his supervision 113 patients suffering from secondary anemia. Hemoglobin was determined and the pattern of red and white blood was studied. No other treatment was given other than irradiation with a mercury quartz lamp.
On the casuistry of the treatment of cryptorchidism and insipid diabetes with gravidan
Abstract
The authors cite the case history of an 11-year-old boy who suffered from cryptorchidism and insipid diabetes. From an early age, he showed a tendency to obesity. Over the past three years, attention has begun to be paid to his mental retardation, polyuria, polydipsia and bedwetting.
Anemia in chronic glomerulonephritis and gastric acidity
Abstract
The study of gastric acidity can reveal some of the relationships between the development of anemia, azotemia and a decrease in acidity. The persistence of anemia in relation to iron treatment suggests a relationship between anemia and gastric upset.
A new way to revive the imaginary dead
Abstract
When reviving the imaginary dead, there are often failures, which depends on two reasons: 1) artificial respiration is started too late and stopped too early; 2) artificial respiration is performed incorrectly, pressing on the chest, forgetting to stretch the tongue.
About knee meniscus injuries
Abstract
The author's material consists of 27 cases of knee joint meniscus injuries, of which surgery was performed in 18 cases. In four cases out of 18, the author found significant changes in the meniscus, from which he concludes that diseases of the meniscus may be the cause of its subsequent damage. In the remaining 14 cases, direct or indirect injury played, if not the only, then the decisive role.
Pyelography with kidney echinococcus
Abstract
Echinococcus kidney occurs infrequently. In his work, the author collected descriptions of individual cases examined pyelographically, and on the basis of studying them and his own case, he attempts to give a diagram of the pyelographic picture in kidney echinococcus.
Gallbladder cancer
Abstract
The author has collected 48 cases of this rare disease over 20 years of operation at New York Hospital. The most frequent age of patients is 50-60 years. The most important in the etiology are gallstones (69% of cases according to the literature), a definite, albeit smaller, value is attributed to chronic infection of the gallbladder.
Application in urology of X-ray examination in two planes
Abstract
The author used radiography in two planes for diseases of the kidneys and ureters. In a number of cases, the author demonstrates the advantages of this method of radiography over conventional pyelography, which often leads to an erroneous diagnosis.
Kidney tuberculosis in x-ray image
Abstract
Based on the study of the literature and his own material, the author believes that with the help of retrograde pyelography, even the first stages of development of caseous kidney tuberculosis can be determined. Severe cases with extensive or complete destruction of the kidney are diagnosed with retrograde or intravenous pyelography.
On the treatment of prostate hypertrophy with large doses of follyculin
Abstract
The author treated 23 patients with prostatic hypertrophy with folliculin, 16 showed a noticeable improvement: the disappearance of difficulty in urinating, a decrease in the frequency of urination, a decrease in the amount of residual urine. In 9 of these 16, the author found a marked reduction in the prostate; in 4 patients, only subjective symptoms improved; no changes were noted in 3 patients.