Determination of the endotoxin aggression etiology as a prospect for improving the effectiveness of the treatment-and-prophylactic process

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Abstract

A third of a century ago, an assumption about the ability of intestinal microflora and stress to induce systemic inflammation, contrary to the fundamental postulates of general pathology, was made. Verification of this very bold assumption for that period of time, required the creation of a new methodological basis for studying the role of intestinal endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) in human biology, which was successfully carried out by Russian scientists. The use of therapeutic agents to normalize the integral indicators of systemic endotoxinemia in the treatment regimen of a wide variety of diseases, including enterosorbents, choleretics, LPS filters, immune drugs, and other medications and procedures, has significantly increased the effectiveness of the treatment. The validity of the endotoxin theory of human physiology and pathology was also confirmed by the Nobel achievements of foreign colleagues (nomination — 2008, prize — 2011). They discovered the receptors of innate immunity, which made it possible to qualify LPS as an “exohormone of adaptation”, since TLR4 is the central receptor for regulating the activity level of the immune and other adaptive systems of the body. One of the reasons for the increase in the LPS concentration in the general bloodstream (what leads to the induction of systemic inflammation) may be the overgrowth of certain gram-negative bacteria that are part of the intestinal microbiota. Verification of these bacteria was first carried out by Ruaasian scientists and it is presented in this review. Determinating of the etiology of endotoxin aggression is a basic element in creating a new direction in nutrition and pharmaceuticals. The search for selective inhibition methods of excessive bacterial growth and the creation of medicines, food supplements and/or an individual diets based on them in the future is an important scientific task, the solution of which can significantly increase the effectiveness of treatment-and-prophylactic process and optimize material costs in the healthcare system.

About the authors

Arsenii A. Rascheskov

Clinical Diagnostic Society, Institute of General and Clinical Pathology of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: ras4eskov@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0888-8281

applicant

Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

Marina M. Markelova

Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology

Email: markelova.m.m@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0316-4153

Research Officer, Laboratory of Systemic Endotoxinemia and Shock

Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

Irina A. Anikhovskaya

Clinical Diagnostic Society, Institute of General and Clinical Pathology of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences; Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology

Email: 5129118@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9381-4948

M.D., Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Research Officer, Laboratory of Systemic Endotoxinemia and Shock

Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia; Moscow, Russia

Vladimir A. Beloglazov

Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, Crimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsky

Email: biloglazov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9640-754X

M.D., D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head, Depart. of Internal medicine

Russian Federation, ­Simferopol, Russia

Andrey I. Gordienko

Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, Crimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsky

Email: uu4jey@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1475-6138

M.D., D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Depart. of Normal Physiology

Russian Federation, Simferopol, Russia

Mikhail V. Meshkov

Clinical Diagnostic Society, Institute of General and Clinical Pathology of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences; Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Yevdokimov

Email: m.meshckow@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0622-573X

M.D., D. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Depart. of Pediatric Surgery

Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia; Moscow, Russia

Alexander Yu. Rascheskov

Clinical Diagnostic Society, Institute of General and Clinical Pathology of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences

Email: raskov@list.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6147-5593

M.D., Cand. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

Elena L. Tumanova

Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov

Email: elena07tumanova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1149-4061

Head, Depart. of Pathological Anatomy and Clinical Pathological Anatomy

Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

Mikhail Yu. Yakovlev

Clinical Diagnostic Society, Institute of General and Clinical Pathology of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences; Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology; Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov

Email: yakovlev-lps@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7166-9372

M.D., D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Head, La­boratory of Systemic Endotoxinemia and Shock; Prof., Depart. of pathological anatomy and clinical pathological anatomy; Director

Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia; Moscow, Russia; Moscow, Russia

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