Metabolomic research in medicine

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The paper covers the questions of metabolomic research in medicine. The central idea of metabolomics is to identify the specific biomarkers in biological samples for diagnosis of a number of conditions. The biomarkers include volatile organic compounds - metabolites isolated from various tissues and biological fluids (blood, urine, sputum, exhaled air). Main methods of separation and identification of volatile organic compounds (gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) applied in metabolomics, are reviewed. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are compared as the main methods of volatile metabolites detection. The method of solid phase microextraction, used for sample preparation, is described. The paper reviews laboratory research results aimed at the detection of cancer, chronic infections and inherited diseases biomarkers. The qualitative characteristics of biological sample metabolome taken from patients with different diseases are discussed. Besides, special attention is paid to the possible use of metabolomics in experimental medicine. The results of volatile metabolome changes in cell culture in vitro depending on the additives to nutrient media, β-carotene volatile decomposition products as suspected carcinogens, volatile organic compounds emitted at vertebrates decay are described. In addition, the method of two-dimensional gas chromatography aimed to increase the sensitivity and specificity of metabolomics tests is portrayed. The presented approach adds to early diagnosis of a number of diseases.

About the authors

R R Furina

Republican Clinical Hospital, Yoshkar-Ola, Russia

Email: furina_raisa@mail.ru

N N Mitrakova

Republican Clinical Hospital, Yoshkar-Ola, Russia

V L Ryzhkov

Republican Clinical Hospital, Yoshkar-Ola, Russia

I K Safiullin

Mari-Turek Central Regional Hospital, Mari-Turek, Russia

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© 2014 Furina R.R., Mitrakova N.N., Ryzhkov V.L., Safiullin I.K.

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