Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission: from the first stages to the possibility of elimination

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Abstract

Despite the success in reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission rate worldwide, the problem of perinatal HIV transmission is still relevant. Sexual activity nowadays is the predominant way of transmission, therefore the number of HIV cases among women growths. This leads to an increased number of pregnancies and childbirth in HIV-infected women. Better preventive treatment has decreased the transmission risk to 1% or less. Despite this, the Russian Federation is still not among the countries where the elimination of mother-to-child transmission has been recorded. This review article focuses on the main stages of mother-to-child transmission prevention from the time that no antiretroviral therapy was available to the current stage, when highly active antiretroviral therapy is used during pregnancy, childbirth and for the treatment of newborns. The research provides a comparative analysis of modern national and international clinical recommendations for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission.

About the authors

Olga L. Mozalyova

The Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases

Author for correspondence.
Email: bonnie@nxt.ru

MD. The Department of Motherhood and Childhood

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Anna V. Samarina

The Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases; Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation

Email: avsamarina@mail.ru

MD, PhD, DSci (Medicine), Head of the Department of Motherhood and Childhood; Assistant Professor. The Department of Socially Significant Infections and Phthisiopulmonology

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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2. Fig. 1. Number of pregnancies and childbirth in HIV-infected women in Saint Petersburg, Russia in 2005-2019

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3. Fig. 2. Mother-to-child HIV transmission rate by timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy

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Copyright (c) 2021 Mozalyova O.L., Samarina A.V.

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