Populations of the Caucasus as an object for studying the process of adaptation to conditions of high-altitude hypoxia

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Abstract

The work examines the main mechanisms responsible for the process of acclimatization of the population of high mountain regions to the conditions of hypobaric hypoxia. The purpose of this review is to describe the pathways of genetic, epigenetic and physiological control in the adaptation of indigenous populations of highlands to reduced barometric pressure and oxygen tension in the environment. It has been shown that populations living in different high-mountain regions demonstrate different ways of adaptation in response to a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in the inspired air. The changes that occur in the body in response to stressful conditions are extremely diverse. These include changes in the respiratory, cardiovascular, hematological systems and cellular adaptation. In this review, we examine genomic variations leading to evolutionary adaptation to life at high altitudes, gene expression, pathophysiological and metabolic features, and long-term adaptation in various high-altitude populations. We also consider the peoples of the Caucasus as one of the most promising populations for further study of complex adaptation mechanisms.

About the authors

Murat A. Dzhaubermezov

Ufa University of Science and Technology; Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: murat-kbr@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1570-3174
SPIN-code: 1066-3369
Scopus Author ID: 57196059060

Cand. Sci. (Biology)

Russian Federation, Ufa; Ufa

Natalia V. Ekomasova

Ufa University of Science and Technology; Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: trofimova_nata_@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3996-5734
SPIN-code: 6528-4117

Cand. Sci. (Biology)

Russian Federation, Ufa; Ufa

Rustam N. Mustafin

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: ruji79@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4091-382X
SPIN-code: 4810-2535
Scopus Author ID: 56603137500
ResearcherId: S-2194-2018

Cand. Sci. (Biology)

Russian Federation, Ufa

Ongar S. Chagarov

Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov

Email: chagarov89@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1857-4163
SPIN-code: 1455-0797
Russian Federation, Moscow

Yuliya Y. Fedorova

Ufa University of Science and Technology

Email: fedorova-y@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9344-828X
SPIN-code: 5497-0441

Cand. Sci. (Biology)

Russian Federation, Ufa

Liliya R. Gabidullina

Ufa University of Science and Technology

Email: liliya.gab@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-1575-2642
SPIN-code: 2799-0206
Russian Federation, Ufa

Alfiya K. Nurgalieva

Ufa University of Science and Technology

Email: alfiyakh83@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6077-9237
SPIN-code: 9658-8010

Cand. Sci. (Biology)

Russian Federation, Ufa

Darya S. Prokofyeva

Ufa University of Science and Technology

Email: dager-glaid@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0229-3188
SPIN-code: 7918-4737
Scopus Author ID: 57207892550

Cand. Sci. (Biology)

Russian Federation, Ufa

Elza K. Khusnutdinovna

Ufa University of Science and Technology; Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: elzakh@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2987-3334
SPIN-code: 7408-9797
ResearcherId: A-4810-2013

Dr. Sci. (Biology)

Russian Federation, Ufa; Ufa

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Согласие на обработку персональных данных с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика»

1. Я (далее – «Пользователь» или «Субъект персональных данных»), осуществляя использование сайта https://journals.rcsi.science/ (далее – «Сайт»), подтверждая свою полную дееспособность даю согласие на обработку персональных данных с использованием средств автоматизации Оператору - федеральному государственному бюджетному учреждению «Российский центр научной информации» (РЦНИ), далее – «Оператор», расположенному по адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А, со следующими условиями.

2. Категории обрабатываемых данных: файлы «cookies» (куки-файлы). Файлы «cookie» – это небольшой текстовый файл, который веб-сервер может хранить в браузере Пользователя. Данные файлы веб-сервер загружает на устройство Пользователя при посещении им Сайта. При каждом следующем посещении Пользователем Сайта «cookie» файлы отправляются на Сайт Оператора. Данные файлы позволяют Сайту распознавать устройство Пользователя. Содержимое такого файла может как относиться, так и не относиться к персональным данным, в зависимости от того, содержит ли такой файл персональные данные или содержит обезличенные технические данные.

3. Цель обработки персональных данных: анализ пользовательской активности с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика».

4. Категории субъектов персональных данных: все Пользователи Сайта, которые дали согласие на обработку файлов «cookie».

5. Способы обработки: сбор, запись, систематизация, накопление, хранение, уточнение (обновление, изменение), извлечение, использование, передача (доступ, предоставление), блокирование, удаление, уничтожение персональных данных.

6. Срок обработки и хранения: до получения от Субъекта персональных данных требования о прекращении обработки/отзыва согласия.

7. Способ отзыва: заявление об отзыве в письменном виде путём его направления на адрес электронной почты Оператора: info@rcsi.science или путем письменного обращения по юридическому адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А

8. Субъект персональных данных вправе запретить своему оборудованию прием этих данных или ограничить прием этих данных. При отказе от получения таких данных или при ограничении приема данных некоторые функции Сайта могут работать некорректно. Субъект персональных данных обязуется сам настроить свое оборудование таким способом, чтобы оно обеспечивало адекватный его желаниям режим работы и уровень защиты данных файлов «cookie», Оператор не предоставляет технологических и правовых консультаций на темы подобного характера.

9. Порядок уничтожения персональных данных при достижении цели их обработки или при наступлении иных законных оснований определяется Оператором в соответствии с законодательством Российской Федерации.

10. Я согласен/согласна квалифицировать в качестве своей простой электронной подписи под настоящим Согласием и под Политикой обработки персональных данных выполнение мною следующего действия на сайте: https://journals.rcsi.science/ нажатие мною на интерфейсе с текстом: «Сайт использует сервис «Яндекс.Метрика» (который использует файлы «cookie») на элемент с текстом «Принять и продолжить».