Genetic mechanisms underlying the expansion of soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. cultivation to the north

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Abstract

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is produced in 93 countries of the world on 120.5 million hectares. The production area of the crop is located between 56°N. (Russian Federation) and 35-37°S (Argentina). In the gene pool of the crop, there is a wide variety of genotypes of different maturity groups, which every has a relatively narrow latitudinal adaptability, which depends on heat and moisture supply and the duration of photoperiod. An urgent problem of our time is the creation of early maturated varieties which allow to expand soybean cultivation to the north. In soybean 12 major loci (E1–E11 and J) have been identified, which control the flowering initiation and the response to the photoperiod. The time of maturation, photothermal response and, ultimately, the adaptation of the crop to different latitudes also depend on various allelic combinations and the interaction of these loci. All these loci have been mapped, and for some of them genes have been identified, their allelic diversity has been characterized and the mechanisms of their functioning and interaction have been described. But the molecular-genetic nature of the early maturity of soybean has not yet been revealed in detail. This review presents the current understanding of the structure and nature of the interaction of molecular genetic determinants of early maturity of soybean, which regulate the timing of its flowering and maturation at different photoperiods and their influence on other plant traits, including the type of growth and productivity. As a result, an idea of the optimal genotype for northern latitudes was proposed, with a combination of alleles providing the earliest flowering and maturation in relatively northern regions with a long day.

About the authors

Jaroslava V. Fedorina

Sirius University of Science and Technology

Email: f.jaroslava@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0215-7928
SPIN-code: 7993-4540
Scopus Author ID: 57105740200

Researcher

Russian Federation, Sochi

Elena K. Khlestkina

N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources

Email: director@vir.nw.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8470-8254
SPIN-code: 3061-1429
Scopus Author ID: 6603368411
ResearcherId: T-2734-2017

Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, Director

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Irina V. Seferova

N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources

Author for correspondence.
Email: i.seferova@vir.nw.ru
SPIN-code: 5061-9712
Scopus Author ID: 57144617000

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Researcher

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Margarita A. Vishnyakova

N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources

Email: m.vishnyakova@vir.nw.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2808-7745
SPIN-code: 2802-9614
Scopus Author ID: 6603209207

Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Chief Researcher, Head of Department

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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Supplementary files

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2. Figure 1. Distribution of candidate genes that determine the beginning of flowering and associated QTLs in the soybean genome. Bars represent soybean chromosomes. Gray areas indicate areas containing QTLs, while darker areas show overlaps between different QTLs. The E1, E2, E3, E7, E8, E9, and J loci are shown on the left side of the chromosomes, with the corresponding molecular markers in black. Question marks next to the loci indicate that the corresponding genes for these QTLs remain unknown. The blue lines on the chromosomes indicate the position of the soy orthologues of flowering genes in Arabidopsis. Orthologs located in the QTL are labeled as Arabidopsis gene symbols in blue, and red letters indicate the characterized genes corresponding to the QTL (according to: Zhang et al., 2017 [26])

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3. Figure 2. Regulation of the transition of development from vegetative to reproductive in soybean under long day (LD) and short day (KD) conditions. Arrows — stimulation of gene expression under the influence of DD. Gray T-shaped - inhibition of gene expression under the influence of DD. The crossed out black arrow indicates the absence of gene stimulation in CD. The crossed out T-shaped line is the absence of gene inhibition on CD. Black T-shaped line — no effect of CD on the E1 gene. Broad arrows - the final influence of genes on plant development

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Copyright (c) 2022 Fedorina J.V., Khlestkina E.K., Seferova I.V., Vishnyakova M.A.


 


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