Analysis of the expression of polyamine biosynthesis genes in nodules of the garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) and the effect of exogenous treatment with polyamines on their development

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Polyamines are acting as signaling molecules during adaptation to stressful environment and as regulators of plant development. In plants, polyamines are represented mainly by putrescine, spermidine and spermine. The concentration of polyamines in symbiotic nodules of some legumes is 5–10 times higher than in the other organs, which indicates their important role in the formation and functioning of symbiotic nodules.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the expression of genes encoding polyamine biosynthesis enzymes in symbiotic nodules, as well as the effect of exogenous polyamines on the nodule number and the average nodule weight in wild-type SGE plants and symbiotic pea mutants SGEFix–-1 (sym40-1) and SGEFix–-2 (sym33-3).

RESULTS: The comparable expression level of arginine decarboxylase gene (PsADC) was observed in all analyzed nodules, whereas the expression level of ornithine decarboxylase gene (PsODC), was highly increased in nodules of SGEFix–-2 (sym33-3) mutant. Treatment of the root system with a 0.1 mM solution of polyamines mixture led to an increase in the average weight of the nodule in wild-type plants and in the SGEFix–-2 (sym33-3) mutant plants.

CONCLUSIONS: It was shown that the main pathway of putrescine synthesis in wild-type pea symbiotic nodules is the arginine pathway, while the ornithine pathway is probably associated with activation of plant defense reactions. Polyamines acting, apparently, through ethylene, affect the functioning of the nodule meristem.

About the authors

Kira A. Ivanova

All Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology

Email: kivanova@arriam.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9119-065X
SPIN-code: 1104-7503

junior researcher

Russian Federation, 3, Podbelsky highway, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg, 196608

Viktor E. Tsyganov

All Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology

Author for correspondence.
Email: vetsyganov@arriam.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3105-8689
SPIN-code: 6532-1332
Scopus Author ID: 7006136325
ResearcherId: Q-5634-2016

Dr. Sci. (Biol.)

Russian Federation, 3 Podbelskogo chaussee, 196608, Pushkin, Saint Petersburg

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2. Fig. 1. Pathway of biosynthesis of polyamines in plants. The stages and enzymes are described in the main text

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3. Fig. 2. Level of relative expression of polyamine biosynthesis genes: a – PsADC gene encoding arginine decarboxylase; b – PsODC gene encoding ornithine decarboxylase; c – PsSPDS1 gene encoding spermidine synthase-1; d – PsSPDS2 gene encoding spermidine synthase-2; e – PsSAMDC gene encoding S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase in two- and three-week old nodules of wild-type garden pea SGE and mutants SGEFix–-1 (sym40-1) and SGEFix–-2 (sym33-3).* – within the genotype when compared with two-week old nodules; ** – from the wild-type SGE line at week 2 after inoculation (2 WAI); *** – from the wild-type SGE line at week 3 after inoculation (3 WAI); р ≤ 0.05

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