Molecular genetic mechanisms of sugar transport in plants in the absence and during arbuscular mycoryza development

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Abstract

The review is aimed to analyze molecular mechanisms of carbohydrate transport during the formation of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), a widespread symbiosis of plants with Glomeromycotina subdivision fungi. Due to AM-symbiosis, plants receive microelements, mainly phosphorus, and fungi are supplied by products of carbon assimilation. The study of sugar transport mechanisms in plants as well as between plants and symbiont is methodologically difficult because of the obligatory status of AM fungi. The mechanisms of carbohydrate transport in leaf and root cells are concerned, particular interest is paid to transporters, specific to AM structures. Several resumptive schemes are designed. SWEET family of transporters (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters), including AM-specific uniporters are reviewed. We summarize results on expression of genes encoding transporter in cells of plants without AM, in AM-plant cells with arbuscules and AM-plant cells without arbuscules. The data on genes of MST proteins family (Monosaccharide Transporters) participating in direct transport of sugars from the soil to the foliar mycelium of AM fungi are considered.

About the authors

Andrey P. Yurkov

All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology

Author for correspondence.
Email: yurkovandrey@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2231-6466
SPIN-code: 9909-4280
Scopus Author ID: 56835374200
ResearcherId: A-8513-2014
https://vk.com/andreyyurkov

PhD (Candidate of Biology), Assistant Professor, Leading Researcher, Laboratory No 4 of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria

Russian Federation, 3, Podbelsky highway, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg, 196608

Alexey A. Kryukov

All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology

Email: rainniar@rambler.ru
SPIN-code: 4685-2723
Scopus Author ID: 57104771700

PhD (Candidate of Biology), Researcher, Laboratory No 4 of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria

Russian Federation, 3, Podbelsky highway, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg, 196608

Anastasia O. Gorbunova

Saint Petersburg State University

Email: gorbunova.anastasia93@mail.ru
SPIN-code: 3515-6450

Graduate Student, Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology

Russian Federation, 7/9, Universitetskaya embankment, Saint-Petersburg, 199034

Alexei M. Afonin

All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology

Email: aafonin@arriam.ru
SPIN-code: 9321-2462

Graduate Student, Laboratory No 9

Russian Federation, 3, Podbelsky highway, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg, 196608

Anastasija A. Kirpichnikova

Saint Petersburg State University

Email: nastin1972@mail.ru
SPIN-code: 9960-9527

Junior Researcher, Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology

Russian Federation, 7/9, Universitetskaya embankment, Saint-Petersburg, 199034

Ksenia S. Dobryakova

Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: kdobryakova@mail.ru
SPIN-code: 4197-0725
Scopus Author ID: 57200207883

PhD (Candidate of Biology), Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular and Ecological Physiology.

Russian Federation, 2, Professor Popov str., Saint Petersburg, 197376

Eduard M. Machs

Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: emachs@binran.ru
SPIN-code: 9496-0538
Scopus Author ID: 8619012500

PhD (Candidate of Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Biosystematics and Plant Cytology

Russian Federation, 2, Professor Popov str., Saint Petersburg, 197376

Maria F. Shishova

Saint Petersburg State University

Email: mshishova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3657-2986
SPIN-code: 7842-7611
Scopus Author ID: 6602992714

Doctor of Science in Biology, Professor, Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Russian Federation, 7/9, Universitetskaya embankment, Saint-Petersburg, 199034

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2. Fig. 1. General scheme of transport of sugars from the aerial parts of the plants (based on materials presented by [17-20] with changes and additions). Source – leaf mesophyll donor cell (Source mesophyll cell), PD – Plasmodesma, Malt – Maltose, Sta – Starch, Chl – Chloroplast, Rubisco – Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, Vac – Vacuole, АТP – Adenosine triphosphate, ADP – Adenosine diphosphate, NADPH – reduced form of NADP+ – Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate, Cc – Calvin cycle, Р – inorganic orthophosphate , ТP – Triose-Phosphate, UDP- – Uridine diphosphate Glucose, -6P – glucose 6-phosphate, HXK – hexokinase,  – sucrose, hexoses:  – glucose, – fructose, RFO – Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides, CInv – Cytosolic Invertase, VInv – Vacuolic Invertase, CWInv – Cell Wall Invertase, Pol – Polyols, Int – Inositol. Description of scheme is presented in the text. To simplify the comparison of the text and data presented in the figures, the continuous numbering for transporters and ferments was carried out, which is represented by numbers in circles; a similar approach was used by [19–20]

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3. Fig. 2. Scheme of the transport of sugars in the cells of the roots of a plant without AMsymbiosis (based on materials presented by [17-18, 20, 47, 50, 52-54] with changes and additions). In Fig. 2: for abbreviations see explanations to Fig. 1; Sink – a root cortex cell consuming sugar (Sink cortex cell), Amylo – Amyloplast, -1P – glucose-1-phosphate, ADP- – adenosine diphosphate Glucose, AGPase – ADP-glucopyrophosphorylase, PGM – phosphoglucomutase, SS – Starch Synthase, SB – Starch Branching enzyme, SD – amylopectin cleaving enzyme (Starch Debranching enzyme), AMY – amylase, PGI – phosphoglucose isomerase, SPS – Sucrose-Phosphate Synthase, SPP – Sucrose-phosphate phosphatase. Description of scheme see the text

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4. Fig. 3. Scheme of sugar transport to the roots of AM plants with arbuscules (based on materials presented by [18, 50, 52, 59] with changes and additions). In Fig. 3: for abbreviations see explanations to Fig. 1; Sink – a root-sugar cell that consumes sugar (Sink cortex cell); “Sink + AM” – a root cortex cell with AM that consumes sugar (Sink cortex cell with Arbuscular Mycorrhiza), “PM + CW” – Plasmatic Membrane and Cell Wall, PAM – Peri-Arbuscular Membrane, PAS – Peri-Arbuscular Space, “ArM + ACW” – Arbuscule Membrane and Arbuscule Cell Wall, InterH – Intercellular intraradical Hypha, ExtraH – Extraradical Hypha, FAS – Fatty Acid Synthase system, 2-MAG – 2-Monoacylglycerol, TAG – Triacyl-glycerol, Gly – Glycogen, MS – Monosaccharides. Description of transporters, see the text

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Copyright (c) 2019 Yurkov A.P., Kryukov A.A., Gorbunova A.O., Afonin A.M., Kirpichnikova A.A., Dobryakova K.S., Machs E.M., Shishova M.F.

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
 


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