Objective and subjective assessment of the recurrence of atrial fibrillation after cryoballoon ablation of the pulmonary veins

Background: Adequate diagnosis of recurrent atrial fibrillation after the surgical treatment in patients with paroxysmal forms of the disease appears to be a difficult task. Aims: The manuscript is devoted to a comparative analysis of the results of subjective and objective assessment of atrial fibrillation recurrence after cryoballoon ablation of the pulmonary veins. Material and methods: 301 patients were included in the study. All of them consequentially underwent cryoballoon ablation of the pulmonary veins in the period of October, 2016 — November, 2019. The inclusion criteria were as follows: symptomatic atrial fibrillation; confirmation of atrial fibrillation by instrumental diagnostic methods. The exclusion criteria were the following: a combination of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter at the time of surgery; history of open-heart procedures and catheter procedures to cease atrial fibrillation; the presence of concomitant cardiac and "arrhythmogenic" pathology. Results: In the period of May 01-30, 2020, 100% (n=301) of the patients included in the study were assessed by the method of targeted survey. The median duration of the postoperative period to the time of a patient's survey was 21 (3; 43) months. The interviews have shown that 136 (45%) patients noted a return of complaints associated with atrial fibrillation recurrence in the postoperative period. There was a clear tendency towards a decrease in the total number of patients with complaints of the clinical recurrence of the disease, depending on the time elapsed since the surgical procedure. The longer the period from the moment of surgery, the lower the number of patients with recurrence. Of 136 patients with recurrent complaints associated with atrial fibrillation, 97 (71%) were able to conduct the daily electrocardiogram monitoring. Of these, the instrumental recurrence of atrial fibrillation was confirmed in 59 patients, which amounted to 20% of all the patients included in the study (n=301). Conclusion: To establish the true number of atrial fibrillation recurrence after cryoballoon ablation of the pulmonary veins, a targeted survey of patients is desirable for up to 12 months after the surgery. The patients with complaints which suggest atrial fibrillation recurrence, even if these complaints do not correspond to the preoperative ones, should be invited for the instrumental diagnostics of arrhythmia.