COVID-19: аn Update on the Modern Etiotropic Therapy Methods for the New Coronavirus Infection

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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-virus, has a significant impact not only on the people’s lifestyle and health, but on the global economy, as well. According to the epidemiological data, the highest level of the sickness rate in Russian Federation was in January-February of 2022, while the death rate was 1.9%. The numerous studies on the COVID-19 pathogenesis allowed improving the approaches to the development of efficient clinical strategies. However, a number of important issues regarding the clinical applications of new and repurposed drugs on the market still remain unresolved. It is a well-known fact that the most effective way of preventing the immune system from developing the hyperactive reaction known as a cytokine storm is prescribing the etiotropic therapy as fast as possible. Etiotropic drugs are divided into three large groups: those preventing the virus from penetrating the cell, those affecting the replication-transcriptional complex and the last but not the least group is the drugs with the direct or indirect cytotoxic effect. This review introduces some important data regarding the etiotropic treatment methods for the new coronavirus disease.

About the authors

Evgeny A. Sinitsyn

Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute; Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov

Author for correspondence.
Email: sinymlad@list.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8813-5932
SPIN-code: 3156-7024

Researcher, Assistant Lecturer

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

Ekaterina V. Smolyakova

Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute; Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov

Email: smolyakovak@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1904-5319
SPIN-code: 1751-0230

MD, PhD

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

Stanislav S. Kamyshanov

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: staskamyshanov@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-1455-5137

Student

Russian Federation, Moscow

Kirill A. Zykov

Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute; Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov

Email: kirillaz@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3385-2632
SPIN-code: 6269-7990

MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Assumed mechanism of the drugs’ action in the COVID-19 etiotropic therapy (adapted from [4]).

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