CLINIC-MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF AORTIC ANEURISM OF VARIOUS LOCALIZATION

Aortic aneurysm, which is an extension of the aorta by more than 3 cm, can occur in its various departments. Recently, the increase in the number of patients with aneurysms is a huge problem among the population, therefore, the diagnosis of this disease can often be detected only as a result of the development of complications (acute blood loss, pulmonary embolism, pericardial hemotamponade). Knowledge of the clinical and morphological features of the course of the aneurysm of the thoracic and abdominal departments makes it possible to improve differential diagnosis, change the patient’s treatment tactics, in particular, the question of the approach to surgical intervention. A clinical and morphological study of aortic aneurysms was performed, a total of 20 cases, with a study of the frequency of occurrence in different age groups. The most common are abdominal aortic aneurysms (60%), thoracic aortic aneurysms are less common, which are of great interest to specialists in the field of cardiology and cardiac surgery. Symptoms of abdominal aortic aneurysm often mimic abdominal damage and some urological diseases. In contrast, a thoracic aortic aneurysm is accompanied by a sudden-onset clinical picture of cardiovascular disease. Morphological features of the walls of the heart, the membranes of the aorta and other vessels with aneurysm of the abdominal and thoracic aorta are also important in the diagnosis of this pathology. In case of abdominal aortic aneurysm, left ventricular hypertrophy, hemorrhage under the endocardium (Minakov's spots), saccular protrusion of the abdominal aortic wall with stratification of intima and the formation of the “second channel” are noted. If there is a rupture of the wall of the abdominal aorta, then neutrophil subpopulations - “Neutrophilic Extracellular Traps”, NETs - are found in its edge. In case of aneurysm of the thoracic aorta, fibrosis, stenosis and calcification of the aortic and mitral valves, medionecrosis in the aortic wall are noted.

abdominal aortic aneurysm, thoracic aortic aneurysm, arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, fibrotic dysplasia, atheromatosis, calcification, medionecrosis