Modern rehabilitation: challenges and prospects

Modern rehabilitation system in the Russian Federation is developing based on a comprehensive and interdepartmental approach, however, comprehensive rehabilitation as a component of disability prevention remains insufficiently studied. In Russian practice, comprehensive rehabilitation was predominantly studied in persons with established disabilities, whereas rehabilitation aimed at preventing disability development was investigated only within individual components, primarily medical. Analysis of key aspects (organizational-managerial, interdepartmental interaction, human resource provision, financing, digitalization) was conducted separately. This study is based on systematic analysis of literature (2020–2025) from eLibrary.ru, PubMed, Scopus, content analysis of regulatory documents, comparative legal analysis of rehabilitation types, structural-functional analysis of organizational models, and analysis of official statistics of government agencies. It was found that comprehensive rehabilitation develops according to a proactive approach, ensuring broad coverage of patient needs. However, significant risks of fragmentation and inconsistency persist, due to organizational differences between departments, diversity of financing sources, and uneven development of digitalization. The study revealed that systemic problems of coordination are due to insufficient coordination between departments, insufficiently addressed in fragmented analysis of individual rehabilitation types. A unified coordination mechanism with an integrated digital platform and artificial intelligence tools is necessary for predicting patient needs in rehabilitation types and services, optimizing rehabilitation pathways, and improving interdepartmental interaction effectiveness. The results substantiate the need for transition from departmental to system-coordinated disability prevention model and provide scientific basis for developing organizational-managerial solutions.