Prospects of cell therapy for hematopoietic syndrome of acute radiation sickness

Cellular therapy of hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome is currently at the forefront of scientific interest due to the high regenerative potential of stem cells, their anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. Stem cells have a high ability to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. It has been shown that after administration stem cells are able to migrate to lesions under the influence of chemotactic factors. At the same time, they retain their functions and can differentiate into cells of affected tissues and contribute to their recovery.

The article analyzes the current trends in the use of cellular products for the treatment of hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome. The processes of cell proliferation and differentiation in the blood system are regulated by feedback mechanisms. This occurs in accordance with signals coming from more differentiated pools, as well as signals from other organs and tissues. They come along the nervous and humoral pathways. The hematopoietic microenvironment created by fibroblasts, macrophages, endotheliocytes, lymphocytes and other cells is play an important role in these processes. The influence of this microenvironment can be carried out both through direct contacts between cells and through the production of regulators (cytokines).

At present cellular technologies are one of the most promising areas for the treatment of acute radiation syndrome along with the use of cytokines. Cell therapy of hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome has advantages over the use of cytokines and growth factors. It does not require a basic level of stem and progenitor cells, which are the main target for the cytokine effect.

The presented data testify that cell therapy has been a promising approach in treatment of radiation injury of bone marrow caused by high doses of radiation exposure.