THE COMPENSATORY ABILITIES OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE OF THE HEART WITH VALVULAR DEFECTS OF ELDERLY MEN

Currently, mortality in the Russian Federation from cardiovascular disease occupies the first place. Valvular defects are found in more than 25% of the elderly. The causes of acquired valvular heart defects can be: atherosclerosis, rheumatism, infectious endocarditis, heart injuries, etc. Mitral heart disease accounts for an average of 60% of all heart defects. The aim of the study was to study the compensatory abilities of the left ventricle with mitral, aortic heart defects with stenosis and insufficiency, as well as in combination. General scientific methods were used: analysis, systematization, processing of materials by the variational-static method, generalization. Compared with normal mean heart mass and left ventricular wall thickness in elderly men with no pathology, it was noted that an increase in heart mass and left ventricular wall thickness correlates with the presence of mitral or aortic heart disease. The change in the phenotype of the heart is a morphological sign of a compensatory reaction of the heart muscle to an increased load by volume and pressure, expressed by myocardial hypertrophy of the walls of the heart chambers. The values of the adaptive capacity index of the heart (the ratio of the thickness of the left ventricular myocardial wall to the mass of the heart) were introduced for mitral and aortic malformations, as well as in their combination. High index values were determined with combined valvular heart disease. The connection between the functional indicators of the heart and the adaptive ability index is established. The values of the ejection fraction are inversely proportional to the value of the adaptive capacity index of the heart, which is due to a decrease in the force of contraction of the heart muscle in the late stage of decompensation.

heart defects, valves, adaptive capacity index of the heart, morphofunctional indicators of the heart