MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHANGES OF THE THYROID GLAND IN ITS DYSFUNCTION AND PATHOLOGY

Currently, thyroid dysfunction and pathology are common diseases of the endocrine system. The variety of histological changes in thyroid dysfunction and pathology indicates the complex structure of this organ. The aim of our study was to study the main histological differences in thyroid dysfunction and pathology. We used macro and microscopic examination of the thyroid gland in normal, dysfunction and various diseases, description, analysis, synthesis, and statistics. A wide range of macroscopic and histological features indicates complex architectonics of the thyroid gland with a variety of its functions. When hyperthyroidism vary considerably, evenly or not evenly, increase the size of the body, forming the so-called diffuse, diffuse-nodular goiter, which are determined by changes in the stroma and the parenchyma of the gland with increase the number of follicles, the variety of their shapes and quality of colloid, the change of the follicular epithelium. Hypofunction occurs in autoimmune thyroiditis, the parenchyma of the gland as a result of the action of mainly immune effector cells dies, is replaced by connective tissue and the thyroid gland decreases in volume. Against this background, both in Hyper and hypofunction, new pathological processes arise - benign and malignant neoplasms, which are characterized by the appearance of single or multiple nodes, delimited by a connective tissue capsule and represent a different morphological picture with distinctive histological and cytological features of the follicular epithelium and stroma. Thus, in the case of thyroid dysfunction and pathology, complex ways of transforming its structure occur in it.

thyroid, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, diffuse nodular goiter, follicular adenoma, papillary carcinoma, autoimmune thyroiditis