Epidemiology and clinical features of congenital malformations of uri-nary system organs in conditions of environmental distress

Objective. To establish the features of epidemiology and clinical manifestations of congenital malformations of the urinary system in the zone of environmental distress.

Material and methods. We analyzed the overall prevalence of nephropathies and the proportion of congenital malformations of the urinary system in the dynamics from 2001 to 2019; 697 patients aged 1–18 years were examined with assessment of clinical and anamnestic, laboratory, instrumental and radiological data in accordance with diagnostic standards and protocols. We studied the features of epidemiology and clinical manifestations of congenital kidney and urinary tract diseases in an area with an unfavorable environmental situation.

Results. Over the past 2 decades, the general prevalence of nephropathies in the children's population has increased with an elevation in the proportion of congenital malformations of the urinary system. These indicators are significantly higher in an area with a high level of anthropogenic environmental pollution than in an area with a relatively favorable environmental situation. Features of congenital pathology of the kidneys and urinary tract in patients living in an environmentally unfavorable zone were revealed: the presence of mass deficiency, reduced resistance, combination with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia syndrome, more frequent attachment of microbial-inflammatory process, decreased concentration and evacuation function of the kidneys.

Conclusions. These features of epidemiology and clinical manifestations of congenital malformations of the urinary system in patients living in a region with a high level of environmental pollution should be taken into account when carrying out their medical support.