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Volume 54, Nº 3 (2018)

Analysis and Synthesis of Signals and Images

Combining Classifiers in the Problem of Thematic Processing of Hyperspectral Aerospace Images

Dmitriev E., Kozoderov V., Dementyev A., Safonova A.

Resumo

This paper describes a problem of thematic processing of hyperspectral aerospace images. A recommended technique is based on a decoding algorithm and makes it possible to construct an effective algorithm of multiclass classification based on combining standard algorithms of binary classification of various complexity. The reason for choosing the configuration of the classification algorithm is given. Test calculations based on model and real data are used to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach to recognizing objects from hyperspectral images.

Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing. 2018;54(3):213-221
pages 213-221 views

Planetamonitoring Software Complex in Applied Remote Sensing Problems

Asmus V., Buchnev A., Krovotyntsev V., Pyatkin V., Salov G.

Resumo

This paper describes a PlanetaMonitoring software complex, developed jointly by the Scientific Research Center “Planeta” and the Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which implements the software for pre-processing and thematic processing of multispectral satellite images of optical, infrared, and microwave ranges. This work also touches upon the pre-processing of satellite data, particularly brightness and geometric transformations, geocoding, and compilation of survey installation. Thematic processing of multispectral satellite images by software for object recognition (without and with training), detection and mapping of lineaments and circular structures, as well as determination of spatial displacements of natural objects (ice fields, water masses, and cloud formations in the atmosphere) over time-different satellite images is described. This software is used to solve a number of applied problems of Earth remote sensing.

Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing. 2018;54(3):222-229
pages 222-229 views

Creation of Panoramic Aerial Photographs on the Basis of Multiband Blending

Favorskaya M., Pakhirka A., Zotin A., Buryachenko V.

Resumo

A panoramic aerial photograph composed of a series of consecutive images obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle helps identifying visual objects more accurately. Automatic combining of aerial photographs is a complex technical problem, especially in the presence of artefacts of the recording equipment and video-recording conditions. It is assumed that a sequence of combined images is known and determined by the flight trajectory. The proposed method for combining aerial photographs is based on illumination leveling and multiband blending. The possibilities of application of SURF, FAST, FAST-ER, and KAZE point descriptors for combining images are studied. It is shown that the point descriptors on the basis of nonlinear diffuse filtering yield the best results with regard to accuracy in the presence of global and/or local visual distortions of combined images.

Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing. 2018;54(3):230-236
pages 230-236 views

Seismic Signal Processing for Estimating the Path of a Moving Vehicle

Morozov Y., Raifel’d M., Spektor A.

Resumo

The application of signal energy parameters to estimate the motion of objects with continuous influence on soil in systems of passive seismic location is considered. Statistics for measured values of signal powers with account for energy properties of the medium are proposed. The influence of displacement of the object on the ratio of signal powers on different sensors is analyzed. The results of testing the algorithm for estimating the parameters of the path of rectilinear motion of a car are given.

Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing. 2018;54(3):237-242
pages 237-242 views

WEB Geographic Information System and the Hardware and Software Ensuring Rapid Assessment of Air Pollution

Yakubailik O., Kadochnikov A., Tokarev A.

Resumo

This paper touches upon the experience of research and development of hardware and software for air pollution monitoring of industrial cities, carried out at the Institute of Computational Modeling of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Functional possibilities, architectural features, and user interface of the distributed web geographic information system of ecological monitoring of the city of Krasnoyarsk, which is being developed in service-oriented architecture, are discussed. Data are collected from automated posts for observing the state of atmospheric air and services of aggregation and representation of information in the form of interactive graphs and thematic maps in the web interface. An original device is developed for measuring the pollution level of the atmosphere with fine dust (PM2.5), the data from which is fed in real time to the system via a cellular network. A system is formed for integral assessment of the pollution level of the atmosphere based on Air Quality Index (AQI) calculations.

Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing. 2018;54(3):243-249
pages 243-249 views

Estimation of the Scanning Speed of Random Texture by a Multirow Focal Plane Array

Gromilin G., Kosykh V., Drazhnikov B., Kozlov K., Vasil’ev V.

Resumo

Scanning devises based on a set of mutually shifted focal plane arrays to increase the sampling rate in a direction orthogonal to the scanning direction require a high degree of stabilization of the scanning speed in order to obtain high-quality images. A new method for estimating the scanning speed is proposed based on the analysis of shifts of arbitrary random texture images generated by subarrays during scanning. The dependence of the accuracy of various methods of estimating the scanning speed based on the statistical characteristics of the texture is studied by simulation modeling. It is shown that even at a sufficiently high random noise level (SNR = 10) in images with texture satisfying the Nyquist criterion for each subarray, scanning speed estimation errors do not exceed 0.1% of the nominal value.

Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing. 2018;54(3):250-255
pages 250-255 views

Method of Reversible Compression of Frames of Measurement Data Based on Parquet Partition

Bogachev I., Levenets A., Chye E.

Resumo

Bit space representation of measurement data is considered. A method and its associated algorithm for reversible geometric compression of measurement data frames are proposed. The algorithm is based on the conversion of a data frame into bit form with subsequent mapping onto a plane and partition into strictly homogeneous regions. Experimental results are presented showing that the proposed algorithm provides high overall compression efficiency..

Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing. 2018;54(3):256-261
pages 256-261 views

Wavelet-Recognition of the Type of Dynamic Object Detected by an Optoelectronic Device

Katulev A., Malevinsky M.

Resumo

An algorithm for automatic recognition of the type of dynamic object detected by an optoelectronic device with a priori uncertainty about the current background-target environment is proposed. Recognition is carried out from samples of statistics in the form of the energies of wavelet spectra of elevation and azimuth measurements and the calculated maximum range of the detected object. The recognition criterion is unbiased and maximum-power one. Modeling has shown that the algorithm is highly efficient and implementable in real time on modern PC.

Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing. 2018;54(3):262-269
pages 262-269 views

Effect of Surface Waves from a Moving Object on Its Image During Reconstruction using Aperture Synthesis

Yushchenko V., Legkii V., Litvinenko S., Budnov S.

Resumo

The reconstruction of an image of the cross section of a thin wire obtained by an ultrasonic detector in an aqueous medium at a frequency of 1.3 MHz with a monochromatic probing signal is considered. The image was reconstructed using a synthesized aperture by correlation processing of a trajectory Doppler signal with calculated reference trajectory signals from point objects. The disturbing effect of the ultrasonic wave reflected from the surface wave generated by the moving wire on the image reconstruction is taken into account. The results of reconstruction of the image of the wire cross-section from model and experimental trajectory signals in the presence of a surface wave are given.

Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing. 2018;54(3):270-276
pages 270-276 views

Optical Information Technologies

Methods of Improving the Contrast of Combined Images and the Linearity of the Eye Accommodation Stimulus in Multifocal Three-Dimensional Displays

Vlasov E.

Resumo

The contrast of a combination of two plane images spaced along the visual axis of the eye for stimulating the accommodation in 3D displays is analyzed. Two methods of normalization based on individual and group calculations of optimal coefficients of combinations for different eye pupil diameters with a specified image resolution are proposed.

Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing. 2018;54(3):277-283
pages 277-283 views

Spectral Method of Detection of Laser Doppler Velocimeter Signals in Turbulent Flows

Klimov A., Meledin V., Anikin Y., Kulikov D., Krotov S., Kabardin I.

Resumo

A spectral method of detection of laser Doppler velocimeter signals in turbulent flows is proposed. The method is based on estimating the signal/noise ratio adapted to the width of the power spectral density of the signal and comparing its value with the recognition threshold. Numerical simulations show that the error of the signal/noise ratio estimates is 1% for different velocities of the turbulent flow. Physical experiments aimed at measuring turbulent aerodynamic processes show that the proposed method offers a possibility of eliminating the errors of calculating the mean value and the velocity deviation equal to 15 and 78% by means of eliminating the signals with low signal/noise ratios from the processing system. Application of the proposed method also ensures lower nonuniformity of the signal/noise ratio estimates than that ensured by the famous method developed by Tropea for a wide range of turbulent velocities.

Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing. 2018;54(3):284-291
pages 284-291 views

Estimation and Compensation for Signal-Signal Beating Interference in Direct Detection Fiber-Optical Transmission Systems of OFDM Signals

Vardanyan V.

Resumo

A mathematical model is developed for calculating the beating noise that occurs during photodetection of a single-band optical OFDM signal. The model allows one to estimate the spectral distribution of the beating noise and the distortion of the OFDM signal subcarrier levels due to fiber dispersion. The influence of the beating noise on orthogonal subcarrier channels, possible ways of increasing the system transmission capacity, and the method of noise compensation on the receiving side are investigated.

Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing. 2018;54(3):292-300
pages 292-300 views

Method of Increasing the Spatial Resolution in Digital Holographic Microscopy

Guzhov V., Il’inykh S., Marchenko I.

Resumo

A new method of increasing the spatial resolution in digital holographic microscopy is considered. The method is based on supplementing the initial hologram with results measured in the case of photodetector shifting in space by a value smaller than the resolution used. In contrast to other known approaches, this method does not require a system of equations to be solved.

Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing. 2018;54(3):301-306
pages 301-306 views

Features of the 85Rb Spectrum in a Cell with an Antirelaxation Coating

Krasteva A., Nasyrov R., Petrov N., Gateva S., Cartaleva S., Nasyrov K.

Resumo

Distortion of the spectrum of the D1-line of 85Rb in optical cells with an antirelaxation coating on the inner walls of the cell is studied. The spectrum shape is found to be significantly dependent on the velocity and direction of changes in the laser frequency. A physical explanation is provided for these features, which are confirmed by numerical simulations. The effect of the magnetic field on the spectrum shape is discussed.

Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing. 2018;54(3):307-313
pages 307-313 views

Control of an Adaptive Optical System with Deformable Mirrors of Low and High Frequency Resolution

Borshevnikov A., Dement’yev D., Leonov E., Lyakhov D., Sokhareva G., Chernykh A., Shanin Y., Shchipalkin V.

Resumo

Control methods with the use of two deformable mirrors (correcting aberrations of high and low spatial frequencies, respectively) are briefly described. Results of preliminary experiments aimed at developing algorithms for deformable mirror control are reported.

Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing. 2018;54(3):314-320
pages 314-320 views