Кризис расовой политики «позитивных действий» в сфере высшего образования США

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Аннотация

Статья посвящена исследованию одного из проявлений так называемого феномена «позитивных действий» – политики расовых предпочтений в сфере высшего образования, которой придерживается значительное число американских университетов и колледжей. В работе рассматривается период становления практики «позитивных действий» в 1960-е гг., а также зарождение юридического противодействия, связанного с распространением политики расовых предпочтений в последующие десятилетия. Особое внимание уделяется анализу основных аргументов сторонников и противников учёта расово-этнического происхождения как одного из факторов, влияющих на приём в высшие учебные заведения США, а также особенностей американского общественного мнения по данному вопросу. Наконец, в статье речь идёт об изменениях позиции Верховного суда США в отношении «позитивных действий», которые привели к признанию политики расовых предпочтений при поступлении в американские университеты и колледжи нарушением Конституции США в июне 2023 г.

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Об авторах

Д. Н Воробьёв

Институт США и Канады им. Г.А. Арбатова Российской академии наук (ИСКРАН).

Email: worobjowdmitrij@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3585-620X

кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник

Российская Федерация, 121069 Москва, Хлебный пер. 2/3.

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