US Sanctions Policy towards Russia's Oil Complex

The study is devoted to the analysis of the US sanctions policy towards the Russian energy sector. The impact of US restrictive measures on the Russian oil complex is revealed. The intensity, sustainability and effectiveness of US sanctions that put pressure on Russian oil companies are examined. The introduction of sanctions by the United States to achieve its geopolitical and economic goals is substantiated. If at the first stage, starting in 2014, the United States began to apply sanctions to restrict the access of Russian companies to Western technologies of deep-water and Arctic oil production, as well as to capital markets, the adoption of the CAATSA law in 2017 expanded the extraterritorial effect of sanctions on third-country companies. A radical increase in sanctions pressure after the events of February 2022, a ban on the import of oil and oil products, the introduction of a price ceiling, extraterritorial sanctions against the shipping companies of the "shadow fleet" forced Russian companies to develop strategies for adaptation to US policy, diversify the geography of exports towards Asian countries. The article provides an assessment of the sanctions policy of D. Trump administration's second term: support for the package of extraterritorial sanctions adopted in January 2025, which affected leading Russian oil and gas and insurance companies, tankers transporting Russian oil and oil products; termination of General License 8L in March 2025. The article analyzes the possible consequences of introducing new sanctions against the Russian oil sector and introducing 100% tariffs on goods from countries importing Russian oil, oil products, petrochemicals, gas and uranium. It is concluded that the extraterritorial sanctions introduced by the American side create risks of destabilization of the global oil market and may lead to an increase in energy prices, which will negatively affect the global economy and the United States themselves.

sanctions, oil, petroleum products, extraterritorial measures, price ceiling, «shadow fleet», export, geopolitics