Поражение миокарда при COVID-19 и нарушения ритма сердца в остром и отдалённом периодах
- Авторы: Щербак С.Г.1,2, Вологжанин Д.А.1,2, Макаренко С.В.1,2, Голота А.С.2, Камилова Т.А.2
-
Учреждения:
- Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет
- Городская больница № 40 Курортного административного района
- Выпуск: Том 7, № 3 (2025)
- Страницы: 221-242
- Раздел: НАУЧНЫЙ ОБЗОР
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2658-6843/article/view/349203
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.36425/rehab688574
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/GRXWKT
- ID: 349203
Цитировать
Полный текст
Аннотация
Эпидемиологические данные показывают, что до 30% людей, выживших после острой фазы COVID-19, испытывают длительные симптомы, связанные с сердечно-сосудистой системой (одышку, боль и дискомфорт в груди, учащённое сердцебиение, непереносимость физической нагрузки, патологическую слабость, нарушения сна). В многочисленных исследованиях, проведённых в различных регионах мира, установлено, что пациенты, независимо от возраста, расы, пола и факторов сердечно-сосудистого риска, после выздоровления от COVID-19 подвержены повышенному риску развития сердечно-сосудистых осложнений, включая новые или прогрессирующие воспалительные заболевания сердца, сердечную недостаточность, инфаркт миокарда, ишемическую болезнь сердца, кардиомиопатию, тромбоэмболию, аритмии и ишемический инсульт. Вирус SARS-CoV-2 вызывает не только прямое повреждение кардиомиоцитов и других клеток сердечно-сосудистой системы, но и системное воспаление и коагулопатию, которые могут усугубить коморбидные сердечно-сосудистые заболевания. Использование функциональных и инструментальных методов исследования позволило выявить различные виды субклинического и клинического поражения сердца у большинства пациентов с пост-COVID синдромом независимо от тяжести острой фазы COVID-19 и сопутствующих состояний. Высокая распространённость пост-COVID синдрома кардиологического типа требует комплексного многопрофильного подхода к диагностике, лечению и реабилитации пациентов. Все авторы опубликованных исследований, метаанализов и систематических обзоров подчёркивают важное значение постоянного наблюдения за состоянием сердечно-сосудистой системы в течение как минимум одного года после разрешения инфекции.
Целью нашей обзорной статьи было обоснование необходимости изучения патофизиологии пост-COVID синдрома сердечно-сосудистого типа для обнаружения терапевтических мишеней и разработки таргетных методов лечения.
Полный текст
Открыть статью на сайте журналаОб авторах
Сергей Григорьевич Щербак
Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет; Городская больница № 40 Курортного административного района
Email: b40@zdrav.spb.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5036-1259
SPIN-код: 1537-9822
д-р мед. наук, профессор
Россия, Санкт-Петербург; Санкт-ПетербургДмитрий Александрович Вологжанин
Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет; Городская больница № 40 Курортного административного района
Email: volog@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1176-794X
SPIN-код: 7922-7302
д-р мед. наук
Россия, Санкт-Петербург; Санкт-ПетербургСтанислав Вячеславович Макаренко
Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет; Городская больница № 40 Курортного административного района
Email: st.makarenko@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1595-6668
SPIN-код: 8114-3984
Россия, Санкт-Петербург; Санкт-Петербург
Александр Сергеевич Голота
Городская больница № 40 Курортного административного района
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: golotaa@yahoo.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5632-3963
SPIN-код: 7234-7870
канд. мед. наук, доцент
Россия, Санкт-ПетербургТатьяна Аскаровна Камилова
Городская больница № 40 Курортного административного района
Email: kamilovaspb@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6360-132X
SPIN-код: 2922-4404
канд. биол. наук
Россия, Санкт-ПетербургСписок литературы
- Zhang T, Li Z, Mei Q, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes in long COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2025;12:1450470. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1450470 EDN: GSUHEJ
- Šerý O, Dziedzinska R. Risk impact of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and spike protein on cardiac tissue: a comprehensive review. Physiol Res. 2024;73(S3):S655–S669. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.935476 EDN: XCVLFJ
- Chidambaram V, Kumar A, Sadaf MI, et al. COVID-19 in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis: pathophysiology during and beyond the acute phase. JACC Adv. 2024;3(8):101107. doi: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101107 EDN: DLXVEB
- O’Mahoney LL, Routen A, Gillies C, et al. The prevalence and long-term health effects of long COVID among hospitalised and non-hospitalised populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2023;55:101762. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101762 EDN: KUBUIW
- Amir-Kabirian B, Annie FH, Koontz M, Ihle R. Sinus tachycardia following COVID-19 and its implications. Cureus. 2024;16(3):e57320. doi: 10.7759/cureus.57320 EDN: UURDPX
- Hărșan ST, Sin AI. The involvement and manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 virus in cardiovascular pathology. Medicina. 2025;61(5):773. doi: 10.3390/medicina61050773
- Lu JY, Lu JY, Wang SH, et al. New-onset cardiovascular diseases post SARS-CoV-2 infection in an urban population in the Bronx. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):31451. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-82983-7 EDN: SPGOZZ
- Kułach A, Kucio M, Majewski M, et al. 24 h Holter monitoring and 14-day intermittent patient-activated heart rhythm recording to detect arrhythmias in symptomatic patients after severe COVID-19: a prospective observation. J Clin Med. 2025;14(8):2649. doi: 10.3390/jcm14082649
- Rus M, Ardelean AI, Andronie-Cioara FL, Filimon GC. Acute myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic: long-term outcomes and prognosis: a systematic review. Life (Basel). 2024;14(2):202. doi: 10.3390/life14020202 EDN: EMPOAZ
- Sabit H, Arneth B, Altrawy A, et al. Genetic and epigenetic intersections in COVID-19-associated cardiovascular disease: emerging insights and future directions. Biomedicines. 2025;13(2):485. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13020485 EDN: UVSQIQ
- Gyöngyösi M, Alcaide P, Asselbergs FW, et al. Long COVID and the cardiovascular system-elucidating causes and cellular mechanisms in order to develop targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies: a joint scientific statement of the ESC working groups on cellular biology of the heart and myocardial and pericardial diseases. Cardiovasc Res. 2023;119(2):336–356. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvac115 EDN: RTNTNO
- Huseynov A, Akin I, Duerschmied D, Scharf RE. Cardiac arrhythmias in post-COVID syndrome: prevalence, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment. Viruses. 2023;15(2):389. doi: 10.3390/v15020389 EDN: GWXCZY
- Fairweather DL, Beetler DJ, Di Florio DN, et аl. COVID-19, myocarditis and pericarditis. Circ Res. 2023;132(10):1302–1319. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.123.321878 EDN: BDCSXS
- Brinkmann M, Brämer D, Katschinski DM, Burek K. Autoantibody development is associated with clinical severity of COVID-19: a cohort study. Clin Immunol. 2025;274:110471. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2025.110471 EDN: BTGBNW
- Steiner S, Kratzel A, Tuba BG, et al. SARS-CoV-2 biology and host interactions. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2024;22(4):206–225. doi: 10.1038/s41579-023-01003-z EDN: AODQPN
- McGonagle D, Giryes S. An immunology model for accelerated coronary atherosclerosis and unexplained sudden death in the COVID-19 era. Autoimmun Rev. 2024;23(11):103642. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103642 EDN: ESIQFL
- Blagov AV, Kalmykov VA, Rakitin AL, et al. Cytokines are the basis of the development and suppression of inflammation in atherosclerosis. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2025;26(3):26421. doi: 10.31083/RCM26421 EDN: BVWVQT
- Nanavaty D, Sinha R, Kaul D, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on acute myocardial infarction: a national inpatient sample analysis. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2024;49(1 Pt A):102030. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102030 EDN: TFNRTO
- Elnagdy MH, Magdy A, Eldars W, et al. Genetic association of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 polymorphisms with COVID-19 severity; a single centre study from Egypt. Virol J. 2024;21(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s12985-024-02298-x EDN: LRTFOC
- Faustine I, Marteka D, Malik A, et al. Genotype variation of ACE and ACE2 genes affects the severity of COVID-19 patients. BMC Res Notes. 2023;16(1):194. doi: 10.1186/s13104-023-06483-z EDN: OAUOBT
- Matuozzo D, Talouarn E, Marchal A, et al. Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19. Genome Med. 2023;15(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s13073-023-01173-8 EDN: HRDWMQ
- Kovalenko E, Shaheen L, Vergasova E, et al. GWAS and polygenic risk score of severe COVID-19 in Eastern Europe. Front Med. 2024;11:1409714. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1409714 EDN: YPPORG
- Wang RS, Maron BA, Loscalzo J. Multiomics network medicine approaches to precision medicine and therapeutics in cardiovascular diseases. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2023;43(4):493–503. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.122.318731 EDN: PKXZGE
- Tsampasian V, Bäck M, Bernardi M, et al. Cardiovascular disease as part of long COVID: a systematic review. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2025;32(6):485–498. doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae070 EDN: QLXRCO
- Dey A, Vaishak K, Deka D, et al. Epigenetic perspectives associated with COVID-19 infection and related cytokine storm: an updated review. Infection. 2023;51(6):1603–1618. doi: 10.1007/s15010-023-02017-8 EDN: ZNKWBW
- Bouchard BA, Colovos C, Lawson MA, et al. Increased histone-DNA complexes and endothelial-dependent thrombin generation in severe COVID-19. Vasc Pharmacol. 2022;142:106950. doi: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106950 EDN: XKGEQV
- Askari N, Hadizadeh M, Rashidifar M. A new insight into sex-specific non-coding RNAs and networks in response to SARS-CoV-2. Infect Genet Evol. 2022;97:105195. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105195 EDN: VIWJOI
- Grand RJ. SARS-CoV-2 and the DNA damage response. J Gen Virol. 2023;104(11):001918. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001918 EDN: PDYOMN
- Lam IC, Zhang R, Man KK, et al. Persistence in risk and effect of COVID-19 vaccination on long-term health consequences after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):1716. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-45953-1 EDN: RQTMWS
- Raman B, Bluemke DA, Lüscher TF, Neubauer S. Long COVID: post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 with a cardiovascular focus. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(11):1157–1172. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac031 EDN: BUMBLW
- Wan EY, Mathur S, Zhang R, et al. Association of COVID-19 with short- and long-term risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: a prospective cohort in UK Biobank. Cardiovasc Res. 2023;119(8):1718–1727. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvac195 EDN: XSPKLD
- Idris Fadul AA, Osman Mohamed AA, Mohammed Ahmed AA, et al. Post-coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cardiovascular manifestations: a systematic review of long-term risks and outcomes. Cureus. 2025;17(4):e83083. doi: 10.7759/cureus.83083
- Shrestha AB, Neupane K, Sedhai YR, et al. Long COVID syndrome and cardiovascular manifestations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diagnostics. 2023;13(3):491. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13030491 EDN: OVFDHT
- Cha C, Baek G. Symptoms and management of long COVID: a scoping review. J Clin Nurs. 2024;33(1):11–28. doi: 10.1111/jocn.16150 EDN: KTNVCQ
- Joy G, Artico J, Kurdi H, et al. Prospective case-control study of cardiovascular abnormalities 6 months following mild COVID in healthcare workers. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021;14(11):2155–2166. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.04.011 EDN: JBJJYX
- Rajah MM, Bernier A, Buchrieser J, Schwartz O. The mechanism and consequences of SARS-CoV-2 spike-mediated fusion and syncytia formation. J Mol Biol. 2022;434(6):167280. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167280 EDN: HPFGSE
- Vidula MK, Rajewska-Tabor J, Cao JJ, et al. Myocardial injury on CMR in patients with COVID-19 and suspected cardiac involvement. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023;16(5):609–624. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.10.021 EDN: REKKBF
- Xie Y, Xu E, Bowe B, Al-Aly Z. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19. Nat Med. 2022;28(3):583–590. doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-01689-3 EDN: GXZXAU
- Mooren FC, Böckelmann I, Waranski M, et al. Autonomic dysregulation in long-term patients suffering from post-COVID-19 syndrome assessed by heart rate variability. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):15814. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-42615-y EDN: XSBJDQ
- Ferreira ÁA, Abreu RM, Teixeira RS, et al. Applicability of heart rate variability for cardiac autonomic assessment in long-term COVID patients: a systematic review. J Electrocardiol. 2024;82:89–99. doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2023.12.002 EDN: UHJZXI
- Stufano A, Isgrò C, Palese LL, et al. Oxidative damage and post-COVID syndrome: a cross-sectional study in a cohort of Italian workers. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(8):7445. doi: 10.3390/ijms24087445 EDN: RVSNVY
- Acosta-Ampudia Y, Monsalve DM, Rojas M, et al. Persistent autoimmune activation and proinflammatory state in post-coronavirus disease 2019 syndrome. J Infect Dis. 2022;225(12):2155–2162. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac017 EDN: QWFMZM
- Son K, Jamil R, Chowdhury A, et al. Circulating anti-nuclear autoantibodies in COVID-19 survivors predict long-COVID symptoms. Eur Respir J. 2023;61(1):2200970. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00970-2022 EDN: TVJRZP
- Dobrowolska K, Zarębska-Michaluk D, Poniedziałek B, et al. Overview of autoantibodies in COVID-19 convalescents. J Med Virol. 2023;95(6):e28864. doi: 10.1002/jmv.28864 EDN: AVNGJV
- Shu H, Zhao C, Wang DW. Understanding COVID-19-related myocarditis: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. Cardiol Plus. 2023;8(2):72–81. doi: 10.1097/CP9.0000000000000046 EDN: ASCKVK
- Markousis-Mavrogenis G, Vartela V, Pepe A, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance reveals cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in symptomatic patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome: findings from the INSPIRE-CMR multicenter study. J Clin Med. 2024;13(22):6919. doi: 10.3390/jcm13226919 EDN: LHCFTD
- Yilmaz M, Mirzaoğlu Ç. Retrospective cohort study: severe COVID-19 leads to permanent blunted heart rate turbulence. Diagnostics. 2025;15(5):621. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15050621 EDN: BDVNXC
- Garcia-Zamora S, Picco JM, Lepori AJ, et al. Abnormal echocardiographic findings after COVID-19 infection: a multicenter registry. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023;39(1):77–85. doi: 10.1007/s10554-022-02706-9 EDN: NUSNGA
- Vlase CM, Gutu C, Goroftei RE, et al. Echocardiographic left ventricular function in the third year after COVID-19 hospitalization: a follow-up pilot study in South-East of Romania. Medicina. 2025;61(2):333. doi: 10.3390/medicina61020333 EDN: UQGHKC
- Haunhorst S, Bloch W, Javelle F, et al. A scoping review of regulatory T cell dynamics in convalescent COVID-19 patients: indications for their potential involvement in the development of long COVID? Front Immunol. 2022;13:1070994. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1070994 EDN: IFBBUI
- Melhorn J, Alamoudi A, Mentzer AJ, et al. Persistence of inflammatory and vascular mediators 5 months after hospitalization with COVID-19 infection. Front Med. 2023;10:1056506. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1056506 EDN: UKDWQL
- Ioannou GN, Baraff A, Fox A, et al. Rates and factors associated with documentation of diagnostic codes for Long COVID in the national veterans affairs health care system. JAMA Network Open. 2022;5(7):e2224359. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.24359 EDN: YXRVOL
- Tsampasian V, Elghazaly H, Chattopadhyay R, et al. Risk factors associated with post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Int Med. 2023;183(6):566–580. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.0750 EDN: BNSYQB
- Thompson EJ, Williams DM, Walker AJ, et al. Long COVID burden and risk factors in 10 UK longitudinal studies and electronic health records. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):3528. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30836-0 EDN: IBNCLD
- Vosko I, Zirlik A, Bugger H. Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular disease. Viruses. 2023;15(2):508. doi: 10.3390/v15020508 EDN: PILXAJ
- Rosenblatt AG, Ayers CR, Rao A, et al. New-onset atrial fibrillation in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: results from the American Heart Association COVID-19 cardiovascular registry. Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol. 2022;15(5):e010666. doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.121.010666 EDN: AZNKGB
- Mahmoudi E, Mollazadeh R, Mansouri P, et al. Ventricular repolarization heterogeneity in patients with COVID-19: original data, systematic review, and meta-analysis. Clin Cardiol. 2022;45(1):110–118. doi: 10.1002/clc.23767 EDN: VQSUZY
- Reynbakh O, Braunstein ED, Hsu M, et аl. Arrhythmia patterns during and after hospitalization for COVID-19 infection detected via patch-based mobile cardiac telemetry. Am Heart J Plus Cardiol Res Pract. 2022;13:100084. doi: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2022.100084 EDN: ULMYHK
- Hamdy RM, Samy M, Mohamed HS. Clinical utility of ambulatory ECG monitoring and 2D-ventricular strain for evaluation of post-COVID-19 ventricular arrhythmia. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2024;24(1):429. doi: 10.1186/s12872-024-03982-0 EDN: VTRZLS
- Ingul CB, Grimsmo J, Mecinaj A, et al. Cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmias 3 months after hospitalization for COVID-19. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(3):e023473. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.023473 EDN: POJJNA
- Zuin M, Rigatelli G, Roncon L, et al. Risk of incident atrial fibrillation after COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Rhythm. 2024;21(9):1613–1620. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.04.064 EDN: ARFGVU
- Fedorowski A, Fanciulli A, Raj SR, et al. Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in post-COVID-19 syndrome: a major health-care burden. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2024;21(6):379–395. doi: 10.1038/s41569-023-00962-3 EDN: UGIAXV
- Johansson M, Ståhlberg M, Ricci F, et al. Blood pressure regulation in post-COVID POTS: beyond sinus tachycardia. Hypertension. 2024;81(12): 2540–2548. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.23670 EDN: ENSNWU
- Groppelli A, Rivasi G, Fedorowski A, et al. Interventions aimed to increase average 24-h systolic blood pressure reduce blood pressure drops in patients with reflex syncope and orthostatic intolerance. Europace. 2024;26(2):euae026. doi: 10.1093/europace/euae026 EDN: FNTQKM
- Violi F, Harenberg J, Pignatelli P, Cammisotto V. COVID-19 and long-COVID thrombosis: from clinical and basic science to therapeutics. Thromb Haemost. 2024;124(4):286–296. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1776713 EDN: OSUKSY
- Maggialetti N, Torrente A, Lazzari P, et al. Coronary calcifications as a new prognostic marker in COVID-19 patients: role of CT. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023;27(5):2173–2181. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202303_31590
- Gupta P, Gupta S, Bansal S, Balakrishnan I. Cardiac troponin in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: incidence, predictors, and outcomes. Ann Clin Biochem. 2024;61(4):255–264. doi: 10.1177/00045632231216599 EDN: SSMJJS
- Yaluri N, Stančáková Yaluri A, Žeňuch P, et al. Cardiac biomarkers and their role in identifying increased risk of cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 patients. Diagnostics. 2023;13(15):2508. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13152508 EDN: VXGMOP
- Chen AL, Robbins M, Masters S, et al. Examining the role of thromboelastography in patients with COVID-19. Perfusion. 2025;2676591251340967. doi: 10.1177/02676591251340967
- Kartiko S, Koizumi N, Yamane D, et al. Thromboelastography parameters do not discriminate for thrombotic events in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. J Intensive Care Med. 2023;38(5):449–456. doi: 10.1177/08850666221142265 EDN: YDBERL
- Hossam Abdelmonem B, Abdelaal NM, Anwer EK, et al. Decoding the role of CYP450 enzymes in metabolism and disease: a comprehensive review. Biomedicines. 2024;12(7):1467. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12071467 EDN: WDKOYN
- Barker KK, Whooley O, Madden EF, et al. The long tail of COVID and the tale of long COVID: diagnostic construction and the management of ignorance. Sociol Health Illn. 2024;46(S1):189–207. doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.13599 EDN: FSPYOM
- Virani SS, Newby LK, Arnold SV, et al. 2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline for the management of patients with chronic coronary disease: a report of the American heart association / American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on clinical Practice guidelines. Circulation. 2023;148(9):e9–e119. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001168 EDN: UQJEFJ
- Samy W, Ellathy YA, Soliman RA, et al. Left ventricular assessment by 3D-echocardiography in post-COVID-19 syndrome. Egypt J Crit Care Med. 2025;12(4):4. doi: 10.1007/s44349-025-00015-3 EDN: RWHSRZ
- Seo JW, Kim SE, Kim Y, et al. Updated clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of long COVID. Infect Chemother. 2024;56(1):122–157. doi: 10.3947/ic.2024.0024 EDN: FMQMGV
- Puntmann VO, Martin S, Shchendrygina A, et al. Long-term cardiac pathology in individuals with mild initial COVID-19 illness. Nat Med. 2022;28(10):2117–2123. doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-02000-0 EDN: STJRKU
- Roca-Fernandez A, Wamil M, Telford A, et al. Cardiac abnormalities in long COVID 1-year post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Open Heart. 2023;10(1):e002241. doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2022-002241 EDN: XHOQVE
- Choi YJ, Seo YuB, Seo JuW, et al. Effectiveness of antiviral therapy on long COVID: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2023;12(23):7375. doi: 10.3390/jcm12237375 EDN: FMBDNB
- Ceban F, Kulzhabayeva D, Rodrigues NB, et al. COVID-19 vaccination for the prevention and treatment of long COVID: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 2023;111:211–229. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.022 EDN: MGGGBY
- Watanabe A, Iwagami M, Yasuhara J, et al. Protective effect of COVID-19 vaccination against long COVID syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2023;41(11):1783–1790. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.008 EDN: XJQSPI
- Parodi JB, Indavere A, Bobadilla Jacob P, et al. Impact of COVID-19 vaccination in post-COVID cardiac complications. Vaccine. 2023;41(8):1524–1528. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.052 EDN: QJLKTU
- Saha S, Sharma K. Modification of lifestyle to recover from post-COVID symptoms: a short review. J Lifestyle Med. 2022;12(3):113–118. doi: 10.15280/jlm.2022.12.3.113 EDN: NQNZKA
- Fung KW, Baye F, Baik SH, McDonald CJ. Nirmatrelvir and molnupiravir and post-COVID-19 condition in older patients. JAMA Intern Med. 2023;183(12):1404. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.5099 EDN: VQCTCH
- Xie Y, Bowe B, Al-Aly Z. Molnupiravir and risk of hospital admission or death in adults with COVID-19: emulation of a randomized target trial using electronic health records. BMJ. 2023;380:e072705. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2022-072705
- Saffar H, Nabati M, Saffar N, Yazdani JA. Investigating the effects of remdesivir on corrected QT interval in patients with severe COVID-19 disease: a historical cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2024;24(1):700. doi: 10.1186/s12872-024-04380-2 EDN: TOOAOE
- Touafchia A, Bagheri H, Carrié D, et al. Serious bradycardia and remdesivir for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): a new safety concerns. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;27(5):791.e5–791.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.02.013 EDN: YQOTNO
- Hammond J, Leister-Tebbe H, Gardner A, et al. Oral nirmatrelvir for high-risk, nonhospitalized adults with COVID-19. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(15):1397–1408. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2118542 EDN: FCRDSN
- Xie Y, Choi T, Al-Aly Z. Association of treatment with nirmatrelvir and the risk of post-COVID-19 condition. JAMA Intern Med. 2023B;183(6):554–564. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.0743 EDN: SMCHJV
- Meakleartmongkol T, Tangpanithandee S, Vanavivit N, et al. Potential drug-drug interactions of frequently prescribed medications in long COVID detected by two electronic databases. PLoS One. 2023;18(11):e0293866. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293866 EDN: TRSLGZ
- Ganipisetti VM, Bollimunta P, Maringanti S. Paxlovid-induced symptomatic bradycardia and syncope. Cureus. 2023;15(1):e33831. doi: 10.7759/cureus.33831 EDN: YYWIPW
- Chen E, Xi L. Cardiovascular adverse effects of antiviral therapies for COVID-19: evidence and plausible mechanisms. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2025;46(3):554–564. doi: 10.1038/s41401-024-01382-w EDN: MVKFYQ
- Wołowiec A, Wołowiec Ł, Grześk G, et al. The role of selected epigenetic pathways in cardiovascular diseases as a potential therapeutic target. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(18):13723. doi: 10.3390/ijms241813723 EDN: KMBQKX
- Yu Q, Zhao G, Liu J, et al. The role of histone deacetylases in cardiac energy metabolism in heart diseases. Metabolism. 2023;142:155532. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155532 EDN: TPIUBW
- Hu SS. Disorders of cardiac rhythm in China. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2024;21(7):703–712. doi: 10.26599/1671-5411.2024.07.012 EDN: UTWRBN
- Sivasubramanian BP, Ravikumar DB, Vyas B, et al. Role of POCUS in the management of new-onset tachyarrhythmia in the setting of SARS-CoV-2: a case report. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2023;13(6):50–53. doi: 10.55729/2000-9666.1261 EDN: EDNXVN
- Wiedmann F, Boondej E, Stanifer M, et al. SARS-CoV-2 ORF 3a-mediated currents are inhibited by antiarrhythmic drugs. Europace. 2024;26(10):euae252. doi: 10.1093/europace/euae252 EDN: MOOKER
- De Nigris A, Arenella M, Di Nardo G. The diagnostic and therapeutic challenge of atrial flutter in children: a case report. Ital J Pediatr. 2023;49:137. doi: 10.1186/s13052-023-01542-4 EDN: EESCRW
- Vattikonda K, Peterson CJ, Anyanwu B, et al. Therapeutic flecainide toxicity causing VT storm. JACC Case Rep. 2025;30(2):102797. doi: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2024.102797 EDN: YHNKLP
- Blasi F, Vicenzi M, De Ponti R. COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias: lesson learned and dilemmas. J Clin Med. 2024;13(23):7259. doi: 10.3390/jcm13237259 EDN: SFZNYM
- Johal A, Heaton J, Alshami A, et al. Trends in atrial fibrillation and ablation therapy during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. J Innov Card Rhythm Manag. 2024;15(7):5955–5962. doi: 10.19102/icrm.2024.15074 EDN: JKPMZJ
- Maury P, Sanchis K, Djouadi K, et al. Catheter ablation of atrial arrhythmias in cardiac amyloidosis: impact on heart failure and mortality. PLoS One. 2024;19(4):e0301753. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301753 EDN: GDVPPF
- Rajendra A, Osorio J, Diaz JC, et al. Performance of the REAL-AF same-day discharge protocol in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2023;9(8 Pt 2):1515–1526. doi: 10.1016/j.jacep.2023.04.014 EDN: TTFVME
- Shanker AJ, Jones SO, Blankenship JC, et al. HRS/ACC scientific statement: guiding principles on same-day discharge for intracardiac catheter ablation procedures. Heart Rhythm. 2025;22(6):e1–e12. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2025.02.029
- Ozemek C, Berry R, Bonikowske AR, et al. What has cardiac rehabilitation looked like in the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned for the future. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2023;6:20–24. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.01.001 EDN: BYGPLV
- Besnier F, Malo J, Mohammadi H, et al. Effects of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation on cardiorespiratory fitness and clinical symptom burden in long COVID: results from the covid-rehab randomized controlled trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2025;104(2):163–171. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000002559 EDN: JIJPBW
- Gounaridi MI, Souvaliotis N, Vontetsianos A, et al. The impact of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation on ventriculoarterial coupling in post-coronavirus disease-2019 patients. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2024;44(5):361–368. doi: 10.1097/HCR.0000000000000885 EDN: FOUZON
- Ghram A, Latiri I, Methnani J, et al. Effects of cardiorespiratory rehabilitation program on submaximal exercise in patients with long-COVID-19 conditions: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and recommendations for future studies. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2023;17(12):1095–1124. doi: 10.1080/17476348.2023.2293226 EDN: KHUJLC
- Corrado J, Iftekhar N, Halpin S, et al. HEART rate variability biofeedback for long COVID dysautonomia (HEARTLOC): results of a feasibility study. Adv Rehabil Sci Pract. 2024;13:27536351241227261. doi: 10.1177/27536351241227261 EDN: UXWZUM
Дополнительные файлы



