The role of international courts and tribunals in ensuring compliance with environmental law

the study demonstrates that international courts and tribunals perform the function of structuring and "revitalizing" environmental regulations through the development of due diligence standards, the consolidation of States' procedural obligations and the formation of practices for environmental damage compensation. The results show a convergence of approaches between universal and regional forums: judicial authorities strengthen positive responsibilities to prevent significant harm, require transparency of goals and monitoring, develop reparations based on ecosystem functions, and integrate human rights into environmental policy assessment. The institutional and methodological limits of judicial control are discussed, as well as the impact of precedents on national law enforcement practice.

human rights, due diligence, environmental impact assessment, compensation for environmental damage, climate law