Some aspects of customs policy in the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century

in the context of dynamic socio-economic transformations of the second half of the 19th century, industrial modernization and integration of Russia into the system of international relations, the customs system acted not only as an instrument of fiscal control, but also as a key mechanism for implementing the state's foreign economic strategy. The article provides a comprehensive study of the evolution of the customs system of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century, identifying its institutional, economic and political features. The study of this topic allows us to reveal the features of the interaction of internal and external factors that shaped the trade and industrial course of the Russian Empire, as well as to assess the impact of customs reforms on economic security and international status. The reforms of the second half of the 19th century, aimed at adapting to the changing conditions of world trade, demonstrate the continuity of the principles of customs policy, which remain important today, which determines the practical significance of the article.

customs policy of the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries, customs system of the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries, customs authorities of the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries, customs legislation of the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries