O. Spengler's cultural and historical concept: revolutionary criticism of marxists (1920s-30s) and metaphysical interpretation of Silver Age thinkers

the article is devoted to the study of the interpretation and criticism of the cultural and historical concept of Oswald Spengler, outlined in his work "The Decline of Europe", by representatives of Russian philosophical thought of the Silver Age and Marxists of the 1920s. The author analyzes the ideologically biased criticism of Marxists (S. Bobrov, K. Gracis, V. Bazarov, A.M. Deborin) in the 1920s and the metaphysical interpretation of the philosophers of the Silver Age centuries (N.A. Berdyaev, S.L. Frank, F.A. Stepun, B.P. Vysheslavtsev, P.A. Sorokin, A.F. Losev) in the 1920s and 50s. The study reveals key differences in approaches: from politicized denial to creative reinterpretation of O. Spengler's cultural and historical concept. Based on the comparative historical analysis, it is concluded that, unlike the Marxists, the Russian thinkers of the Silver Age offered a deep and multifaceted interpretation of Spengler's cultural and historical concept, relevant to modern philosophy of history and cultural studies. The study demonstrates that the polarity of assessments of the cultural and historical concept of O. Spiegler reflects not only the methodological, but also the ideological contradictions of the era, revealing the intense dialogue between the materialist and idealistic paradigms in Russian historiography.

«The Decline of Europe», Russian philosophy, marxism, cultural and historical concept, Russian historiography, Silver Age