Sevastopol and Port Arthur: to the history of the heroic defense and fall of the main coastal fortresses of the Russian Empire – comparative historical method in the educational process

the article, based on a comparative analysis in relation to the needs of the modern educational process, examines the main factors that determined the course of the heroic defense and the fall of the two most famous coastal fortresses of the Russian Empire – Sevastopol during the Crimean War and Port Arthur during the Russo-Japanese War. The author emphasizes the analysis of the determinants that determined both the long-term nature and the unfavorable for the Russian side outcome of these famous in Russian history battles for the key coastal citadels of the empire. At the same time, common features and historical characteristics of the Sevastopol and Port Arthur defense are highlighted, forming educational material aimed at revealing the potential that ensures understanding of complex cause-and-effect relationships and the development of analytical skills and critical thinking in students, which is so necessary at present.

Crimean War 1853-1856, defense of Sevastopol, Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905, defense of Port Arthur, educational process, comparative analysis