Bulgarian pottery ceramics from the monuments of the Lower Kama region: on the issue of ornamental traditions and shaping of tableware

the ceramic complex from the medieval settlement is the most widespread and informative material. The article analyzes the Bulgarian ceramics group I (according to the classification of T.A. Khlebnikova) on the basis of a sample of materials from marker monuments of the Lower Kama region: Kirmensky, Romashkinsky, Bilyar settlements. For comparison, a complex from a Bulgarian hillfort is used. Ornamental traditions and shaping of dishes are revealed. The pottery formation in the monuments of the Lower Kama region is traditionally dominated by pot-shaped (pots and crinkles) and jug-shaped (jugs and crinkles) vessels. Ornamental motifs are caused by the application of linear and combed stamps. In this case, linear ornament can serve as both the main style and an addition to the composition, which prevails on all monuments. The upper part of the vessel (shoulder, corolla or neck) was mainly decorated. The composition of the ornament mostly consists of a combination of linear ornament with other techniques (wavy, fluted, "commas", comb stamp, etc.). The arrangement of the ornament could be varied. So a linear ornament could represent an independent "pattern", or it could be part of a more complex composition. The pottery traditions in the monuments under consideration have great similarities and ornamental traditions, as well as the shaping of vessels in them was uniform. However, there are some differences between the central cities and the eastern ones, due to the degree of influence of non-ethnic traditions. The article discusses in detail the composition of the ornament, examines the principle of applying the ornament to the vessels. The results of the study emphasize the importance of careful study of ceramic material, which can provide information about the socio-economic development of society and be an important ethnocultural marker.

archeology, archaeological monument, Kirmen settlement, Bilyar settlement, Romashkin settlement, Bulgarian settlement, ceramics, ornament, shape