On the issue of periodization of national movements in Bashkortostan

the article examines and supplements the problem of periodization of national movements, which was developed by corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences R.G. Kuzeev. Studying the periodically recurring national problems that led to a particular conflict situation, R.G. Kuzeev concluded that the socio-political movement in Russia, in turn, intensified the activities of the advanced parts of the elites on the national outskirts for more decisive action. At various stages, under the influence of all-Russian trends, there was an intensification of certain forces expressing their dissatisfaction with certain social problems under the slogans of protecting national interests. Defining the periods of the revival of the national movement in Russia, which took place in the pre–revolutionary period, R.G. Kuzeev found that those tasks that were designated as priority national problems, even at the turn of the XX-XXI century. We have not found our permission yet. Because, as the author believes, they were forcibly interrupted during the revolution and the subsequent formation of the Bashkir Autonomous Socialist Republic. In this regard, according to the researcher, it can be expected that the process resulting in a new national revival will continue. After all, the general democratic and national problems are still unresolved. The experience of economically developed Western countries demonstrates that the national issue is still relevant. Based on the periodization of the national movement proposed by R. G. Kuzeev, we and other researchers have tried to identify new stages in the development of the national movement in modern Bashkortostan and its impact on ethnopolitical processes in general. The perestroika in the country that began in the mid-1980s also revealed unresolved national problems in the republics and contributed to the creation of nationally oriented clubs and organizations, the beginning of which dates back to this period. The main demands of national organizations at the first stage were: the revival of national languages and cultures, and at the next stage political slogans appeared in the form of granting union status, culminating in the adoption of a Declaration of Sovereignty. Each stage included more cardinal tasks, such as filling sovereignty with real content, the election of the President of the republic, the population census, the study of the Bashkir language in schools of the republic, training and placement of personnel. Environmental problems to one degree or another revived the ethnopolitical situation in the republic and intensified the activities of national associations, moving from one stage to another.

Bashkortostan, periodization, national movement, ethnopolitical development, R.G. Kuzeev