Friendshoring as a new paradigm of economic geography

the purpose of the study is to reveal friendshoring as a new paradigm of economic geography and to determine its impact on the spatial organization of the global economy in the regional and sectoral context. Methods: methods of description, analysis and synthesis, comparative and systematic approaches, as well as tabular and graphical methods are used to structure and visualize the determinants of friendshoring and spatial dynamics of global production networks. The empirical basis is made up of scientific publications, materials from international organizations, and data characterizing the transformation of global supply chains. Findings: the main methods and tools of friendshoring are highlighted; a model of friendshoring as a mechanism for the redistribution of global production networks is proposed, including geopolitical, institutional, technological and socio-economic factors; an analysis of key macro-regions using friendshoring is carried out. Conclusions: the development of friendshoring strengthens the "geography of trust", significantly changes the structure of production chains and expands the analytical capabilities of regional and industrial economy in the context of fragmentation of international trade.

friendshoring, economic geography, production location, global production networks, global value chains, richoring, geo-economic approach