Reading as a process and activity (experience of philosophical education methodology)

Background. One aspect of philosophical education is to emphasise reading as a process and activity as a necessary element of the teaching session. This is a way of comparing and accumulating the diversity of opinions and interests existing in a group of students in order to take them into account and generalise them. This approach allows us to solve the existing today and possible future issues of the organisation of teaching philosophy in higher education.

Purpose. Justification of the possibilities of problem-based approach to philosophical education in technical higher education with emphasis on subject-subject relations in the educational system: joint reading and reflection of the teacher and the student.

Materials and methods. To realise the goal, the authors, relying on the methodology and pedagogical experience of higher education, traced the role of reading as a necessary methodological condition for mastering the reflection and disclosure of the problems of the discipline «Philosophy».

Results. Reading as a process and activity is manifested in the work of the teacher and student in the composition of the seminar, up to the construction of a separate lesson. Genres of literature that carry value orientations and reveal diverse approaches to reality, which, in turn, are reflected in various ways of thinking, including philosophy, are grouped around the semantic field of classes. The problem is posed in five aspects: creating the possibility of using literature in the learning process; variety of types of creative work with the text; group form of reading with subsequent discussion of what was read; observing the proportion of the teacher's and student's activity; providing a measure of involvement of theoretical and empirical material in the educational use of the reality of the text. The article proposes practical tasks as possible forms of acquiring by students the skills of overcoming intellectual difficulties: analysis, comparison, generalisation, formulation of conclusions. The presence of these skills makes it possible to find an argumentation and make a conjecture in a creative work convincing. The main problem of philosophical enlightenment is not so much the mastery of technique as its content, which this technique should serve, namely, the search for new ways, new paths, and tools of cognition of the inner world of the individual in order to acquire a worldview and outlook.