Trolling and types of online hate as a nemesis and an unlikely tool of journalism

communication is a fundamental aspect of human life and social organization. With the emergence of digital technologies, the nature of interpersonal interaction has undergone a major transformation. New media and multimedia platforms have not only expanded communication capabilities but also altered its very structure. On one hand, digital communication provides speed, convenience, multimodality, and global accessibility. On the other hand, it has introduced new threats and forms of toxic behavior in the online environment. One of the most significant and dangerous issues is the rise of online harassment, including cyberbullying, cyberstalking, doxing, discrimination, catfishing, and other forms of aggressive behavior. These actions undermine user safety and can lead to serious psychological harm. This article explores the specific features of digital communication, outlines the main characteristics of online interactions, and provides a classification of online aggression. It emphasizes the importance of ethical standards and digital responsibility. Moreover, it examines the role of anonymity, freedom of expression, and the misuse of such freedoms in the digital sphere. The study highlights the importance of conscious and safe behavior online, as well as the challenges journalists, researchers, and users face in the fast-evolving digital landscape.

trolling, Internet access, negative consequences