Public law regulation of biomedical technologies: the Norwegian experience

A comparative study of the legal regulation of biomedical technologies is conducted. The purpose of the study is to conduct a legal examination of the Norwegian experience, which is an example of a conservative approach based on the most careful permission for innovation in such a sensitive area. The main provisions of the Law of December 5, 2003, No. 100 “On the Medical Use of Biotechnology, etc. (Biotechnology Law)” are analyzed in detail. This law is based on the observance of universal principles in biomedicine – respect for human dignity, observance of human rights and personal inviolability, non-discrimination on the basis of heredity, promotion of the principles of bioethics. The main restrictions imposed on medical workers when implementing assisted reproductive technologies are shown. For example, Norway is a country where surrogacy is prohibited, and the birth of children using assisted reproduction is possible only after a thorough examination of the couple for the possibility of raising a child in appropriate conditions. Special requirements are presented for obtaining consent for the use of various biological objects (tissues, human cells, aborted material) for research purposes. It is highlighted that special legislation is in force that determines the legal regime of biobanks. It is concluded that the presence of strict rules correlates with the level of high trust in the public health system.