Russian Studies in Law and Politics

The relevance of the study lies in the need to develop effective tactics for examining minors due to the increasing number of crimes against children and adolescents, as well as the peculiarities of the physiological and psychological development of this category of persons. The effectiveness of state measures in law enforcement activities depends on compliance with legal procedures and the protection of the rights of minor participants in criminal proceedings. The authors have identified the problem of the place of examination in the system of criminalistic tactics in criminal procedure and doctrinal aspects. The main research method is an analytical review, which includes the systematic collection of information, its analysis and interpretation from various sources. The purpose of the study is to develop optimal tactics for conducting an examination of minors that meets the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation. The result of the study is the development of recommendations on the tactics of conducting an examination of minors, including optimal algorithms for the interaction of medical professionals and law enforcement officials, the procedure for informing parents or legal representatives, and compliance with the principles of humanism and justice. The key conclusion of the study is the thesis that when conducting an examination of minors, the general provisions of the inspection tactics are applied. The investigator, taking into account the personality of the special subject, must make decisions to conduct an examination that does not violate the underage's unformed psyche.

This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the juvenile legislation of the Russian Federation and South Korea. The article examines the specifics of regulating the protection of the rights of minors, approaches to solving problems of family problems and methods of social support for children and families. The research is aimed at identifying similarities and differences in approaches to the protection of children's rights, as well as determining the prospects for the development of the domestic child protection system in the light of international experience. The paper also highlights the features of the juvenile justice system that regulates the legal status of juvenile convicts in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Korea. The existing limitations and advantages of both systems are analyzed, the legal statuses of convicts are compared, and the prospects and directions for the further development of juvenile justice in Russia are studied.

Methods. The following methods of scientific knowledge served as the methodological basis of the analysis:

Historical method: the study of the historical context of the formation of juvenile legislation in Russia and South Korea.

Document analysis: a study of legislative acts, international treaties, court decisions, and expert publications.

The study is conducted using the method of comparative analysis of the Russian and South Korean experience, since both countries are at the stage of active modernization of their legislation, striving to integrate the best international practices and at the same time preserve their national identity. The scientific novelty of the study is an attempt to identify key points of contact and fundamental differences between the systems of the two countries, which makes it possible to propose realistic steps to bring positions closer and deepen mutual understanding.

The study on the comparison of the juvenile system in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Korea is highly practical for the following reasons:

 The main aspects of practical significance:

1. Analysis of international experience

It is important for Russian specialists to study successful international practices and implement positive elements in the domestic judicial system. The Republic of Korea is known for its progressive methods of preventing and correcting deviant behavior among minors, such as rehabilitation centers and specialized courts.

2. Improving the effectiveness of juvenile justice

Studying the features of the Korean system will help Russian authorities to improve the efficiency of working with juvenile offenders, reduce the level of recidivism, and promote successful re-socialization of young people.

3. Improving Russian legislation

The identified shortcomings and positive aspects of both systems will allow for the necessary amendments to Russian legislation aimed at

Results. Based on the results of the analysis, the following list of possible areas for improving the Russian juvenile justice system is proposed:

- improving the material and technical base of correctional institutions, ensuring decent conditions of detention and high-quality medical care.

- development of a network of specialized medical and psychological centers for the diagnosis and treatment of juvenile convicts.

- Strengthening the system of social adaptation and vocational rehabilitation by expanding employment programs and educational courses.

- The implementation of these measures can improve the effectiveness of the juvenile justice system, reduce the number of recidivism and ensure respect for the rights of juvenile convicts.

Russian legislation remains fragmented, there is a shortage of budget funds for rehabilitation programs, a low level of material equipment in correctional institutions, and poor coordination of efforts between judicial authorities and social services. The South Korean model appears to be more optimal and rational in terms of social protection and reducing the number of recidivism among juvenile convicts.

Background. In article the need for the state support and effective legislative regulation of the development of the small and medium entrepreneurship in the context of the realization of the innovation policy of the state is substantiated. The current state of the small and medium entrepreneurship in the Republic of Belarus and the legal framework regulating their activities are researched. The author's recommendations for improving the legislation of the Republic of Belarus regulating support for small and medium entrepreneurship and the realization of the state innovation policy are substantiated.

Purpose. The purpose of the research is to develop recommendations for improving the legislative framework of the Republic of Belarus regulating the realization of state support for the development of the small and medium entrepreneurship in the context of the realization of the innovation policy of the state.

Materials and methods. The following were used in the course of the research: scientific works on the issues of state support for the development of the small and medium entrepreneurship and legislative regulation of such support; regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Belarus regulating public relations related to the realization of state support for the development of the small and medium entrepreneurship, the formation and realization of the innovation policy of the state; materials of the public authorities and government agencies of the Republic of Belarus.

In the course of the research, general scientific, specific scientific and special research methods were used. In particular, the dialectical, formal-logical, hypothetico-deductive, comparative-legal methods, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis, analogy, scientific abstraction, induction and deduction have found application.

Results. The legal prerequisites for the realization of the innovation policy of the state related to the development of the small and medium entrepreneurship are identified. The author's recommendations for improving the legislative framework of the Republic of Belarus regulating the realization of state support for the development of the small and medium entrepreneurship in the context of the realization of the innovation policy of the state are formulated.

The sphere of application of results. The results of the research can be applied in lawmaking activity and in the course of further scientific research on the role of the small and medium entrepreneurship in the system of the realization of the state innovation policy.