Juvenile system: Legal status of convicted persons in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Korea

This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the juvenile legislation of the Russian Federation and South Korea. The article examines the specifics of regulating the protection of the rights of minors, approaches to solving problems of family problems and methods of social support for children and families. The research is aimed at identifying similarities and differences in approaches to the protection of children's rights, as well as determining the prospects for the development of the domestic child protection system in the light of international experience. The paper also highlights the features of the juvenile justice system that regulates the legal status of juvenile convicts in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Korea. The existing limitations and advantages of both systems are analyzed, the legal statuses of convicts are compared, and the prospects and directions for the further development of juvenile justice in Russia are studied.

Methods. The following methods of scientific knowledge served as the methodological basis of the analysis:

Historical method: the study of the historical context of the formation of juvenile legislation in Russia and South Korea.

Document analysis: a study of legislative acts, international treaties, court decisions, and expert publications.

The study is conducted using the method of comparative analysis of the Russian and South Korean experience, since both countries are at the stage of active modernization of their legislation, striving to integrate the best international practices and at the same time preserve their national identity. The scientific novelty of the study is an attempt to identify key points of contact and fundamental differences between the systems of the two countries, which makes it possible to propose realistic steps to bring positions closer and deepen mutual understanding.

The study on the comparison of the juvenile system in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Korea is highly practical for the following reasons:

 The main aspects of practical significance:

1. Analysis of international experience

It is important for Russian specialists to study successful international practices and implement positive elements in the domestic judicial system. The Republic of Korea is known for its progressive methods of preventing and correcting deviant behavior among minors, such as rehabilitation centers and specialized courts.

2. Improving the effectiveness of juvenile justice

Studying the features of the Korean system will help Russian authorities to improve the efficiency of working with juvenile offenders, reduce the level of recidivism, and promote successful re-socialization of young people.

3. Improving Russian legislation

The identified shortcomings and positive aspects of both systems will allow for the necessary amendments to Russian legislation aimed at

Results. Based on the results of the analysis, the following list of possible areas for improving the Russian juvenile justice system is proposed:

- improving the material and technical base of correctional institutions, ensuring decent conditions of detention and high-quality medical care.

- development of a network of specialized medical and psychological centers for the diagnosis and treatment of juvenile convicts.

- Strengthening the system of social adaptation and vocational rehabilitation by expanding employment programs and educational courses.

- The implementation of these measures can improve the effectiveness of the juvenile justice system, reduce the number of recidivism and ensure respect for the rights of juvenile convicts.

Russian legislation remains fragmented, there is a shortage of budget funds for rehabilitation programs, a low level of material equipment in correctional institutions, and poor coordination of efforts between judicial authorities and social services. The South Korean model appears to be more optimal and rational in terms of social protection and reducing the number of recidivism among juvenile convicts.