编号 3 (2021)
- 年: 2021
- ##issue.datePublished##: 30.09.2021
- 文章: 12
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2542-212X/issue/view/19306
完整期次
Medieval and Modern history
ON THE HISTORY AND HISTORICAL RELICS FROM THE ABUKOV FAMILY SETTLEMENTS (THE SECOND HALF OF 18th – EARLY 20th CENTURY)
摘要
In the preface of the article authors consider main sources of information and scientific literature devoted to history Abukov family settlements. Also the features of the research approach are revealed. The following is brief information about the two Abukov family settlements in the upper reaches of the river Podkumok and, besides, Abukov family settlements on Kuban and Zolka rivers. Also description includes some biographical information of the most prominent representatives of the Abukov family. Some information about Abukov family cemeteries is given. Together with the information of a geographical, historical and necropolistic nature, the authors of the article review or mention some archaeological monuments located in the vicinity of the Abukov family settlements. For example, ancient settlement Ullu-Dorbunla, fragments of ancient and medieval roads, etc. In conclusion, the authors of this work talk about the special status of the Abukov family in the policy pursued by the local Russian authorities in the 19th and early 20th centuries, which allows us to consider this family and the population dependent on it as a subethnosocial group of the Kabardian people that existed in the past.
12-43
KHAKUCHI FORCED MIGRATION TO OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND KUBAN REGION (1864–1870): CAUSES, MAIN PHASES AND RESULTS
摘要
The article dwells upon the reasons, process, and consequences of the Khakuchi forced migration to Turkey and the Kuban region after the end of the Caucasian War. The Khakuchi was a small group of the Adyghes, who lived in mountains not far from the Black Sea in the middle of the 19th century. The forced migration of the group started in spring 1864 and took several years. The resettlement was a result of numerous military expeditions, aul and food reserve destruction. Only after that, most of the Khakuchi migrated to Turkey, and a smaller part resettled to the Kuban region. However, several small groups continued hiding in the mountains. Due to persistence and resilience, skillful use of the mountain landscape and natural resources, the Khakuchi managed to avoid mass eviction, some of them still remained in their homeland. Small groups of the captured Khakuchi settled in Cossack villages between Novorossiysk and Tuapse, as well as in military districts near the rivers Psezuapse, Ashe, and Kudepsta. The highlanders had to teach the peculiarities of farming in local conditions to the new residents of the Northwest Caucasus. Later, the Khakuchi who had earlier been resettled to the Kuban region began to return as well. Contemporary Black Sea Shapsugs are mostly descendants of the Khakuchi.
44-62
SCENARIOS OF LOYALTY IN THE RELATIONS OF KABARDINIANS AND BALKARS WITH THE IMPERIAL ADMINISTRATION: SYMBOLISM, PRAGMATICS AND POLITICAL EFFECT
摘要
The inclusion of Kabardinians and Balkars in the administrative and political space of the Russian Empire was accompanied by the formation in their political culture of public practices related to the expression of loyalty to the Romanov dynasty. Within the framework of military-popular administration one of the most widespread ways of registration of loyalty declarations were congress of entrusted of Great and Minor Kabarda and five mountain (Balkar) societies. Based on archival documents and periodical press materials, the formation of the symbolic and practical component of the loyalty scenarios is examined. Its key symbols were the "people's banner", granted by Nicholas I in 1844, and historical examples, which emphasized the deep historical tradition of serving the Russian throne, starting from Ivan IV. The practical side of loyalty implied regular confirmations of readiness to mobilize the human and financial resources of society. An analysis of the stories revealed a consistent pragmatism in the use of actions of loyalty to the throne for the favorable resolution of urgent social problems. Such an approach in relations with the imperial authorities has demonstrated a certain practical effectiveness. On May 21, 1889, Alexander III bestowed Kabardians and five mountain (Balkarian) societies of Zolsky and Gorny pastures under the condition of allegiance. Since August 25th, 1905 there was an administrative reunion of Great and Minor Kabarda in structure of Nalchiksky area.
63-81
BUSINESS PRACTICES IN THE SLOBODA NALCHIK (SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURY)
摘要
The article is devoted to the study of one of the key issues of the economic history of Kabardino-Balkaria – the formation of entrepreneurship in the Nalchik settlement. The history of the emergence of trade institutions, their specialization and the order of functioning are studied. The paper analyzes the structure and variety of types of implementation of a commercial initiative, the main vectors of its development. It is established that by the 80s XIX century in Nalchik a qualitative change is taking place in the sphere of providing commercial services, expressed in the design of a stable system of trade establishments and public catering enterprises. On the basis of archival materials and data from periodicals, the socio-ethnic composition of entrepreneurs, their specialization, and the nature of the services provided are established. The degree of influence of the business community of Nalchik on the development of the resort business in the district is determined. The active participation of the mountain population of Kabarda and Balkaria in the development of entrepreneurship and the resort industry is noted.
82-110
Recent history
FORMATION OF THE KABARDIN-BALKAR AUTONOMOUS REGION: MECHANISMS, PHASES, SIGNIFICANCE
摘要
In 2022, the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the formation of the Kabardin-Balkar Republic will take place. At the turn of the 1980–1990s. the historical experience of the early 1920s. and, above all, the circumstances of the creation and the institutional structure of the Kabardin-Balkar Autonomous Region were at the center of ethno-political collisions. The views on these issues that took shape at that time are still latently present in the public consciousness and are periodically updated in the political statements of individual public organizations. The subject of the proposed article is the political events in the region of the Central Caucasus (Terek Oblast, Gorskaya ASSR, Kabarda and Balkaria), which unfolded after the end of the civil war and the establishment of Soviet power in March 1920, and ended with the institutionalization of the system of power of the Kabardin-Balkar Autonomous Oblast in December 1922. The purpose of the study is to present a fairly complete, chronologically ordered picture of political events, struggles and decisions on the basis of systematization and analysis of documentary material, which makes it possible to reveal the mechanisms, identify the stages and assess the significance of creating a united Soviet autonomy for the Kabardian and Balkarian peoples. The novelty of the approach lies in the fact that the work is performed in the genre of documentary chronicle, aimed at but possibly complete and "dense" coverage of the course of events over the course of three years – from March 1920 to December 1922. Analysis and generalization of the involved material are included in the final section. The materials considered in the article show that the creation of the Kabardin-Balkar autonomy was not a one-time act, but a process that had as its content the coordination of the national interests of Kabarda and Balkaria and the development of a common form of their institutionalization.
111-161
THE RESULTS OF THE KORENIZATION POLICY IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS BY THE MIDDLE 1930s – EARLY 1940s
摘要
The policy of “korenization” carried out by the Soviet government in the 1920s – 1930s had its own peculiarities in the North Caucasus, due to the complex historical past of integration into a single Russian political and legal space and the ethnic diversity of the region. Mass korenization in the North Caucasus began later than the rest of the country's regions, it was officially announced in 1929. Russian historiography notes that this process was accompanied by both objective (low literacy rate, alertness of the local population, interethnic tension, armed resistance to the Soviet government) and subjective difficulties (organizational and managerial problems). Korenization was far from complete by the beginning of the 1940s. Mass repressions against the leadership of the national cadres, the national intelligentsia of the late 1930s also played a negative role.
162-175
THE INSTRUCTIONS OF VOTERS AS A REPRESENTATION OF THE POST-WAR EVERYDAY PROBLEMS OF THE POPULATION OF MOZDOK
摘要
Based on the analysis of a wide range of archival sources that are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the article examines the everyday problems of the post-war city of Mozdok. It is noted that the election campaigns were arranged in such a way that it looked like a kind of ritual symbolizing the symbiosis of power and society. At the same time, the election campaigns were the points of contact when the authorities received an objective picture of the relations of the population of the country to the events taking place. The analysis of the instructions of the voters of 1948 and 1953 indicates that they, as a historical source, contain information that allows us to recreate the picture of the everyday life of the post-war provincial society (on the example of Mozdok). The author comes to the conclusion that the party-bureaucratic apparatus used all sorts of communication mechanisms to obtain objective data about the everyday problems of the residents of Mozdok. This information was used for the preparation and implementation of various activities.
176-188
FROM THE HISTORY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF KABARDINO-BALKARIA: PROFESSOR KSPI KONSTANTIN EDUARDOVICH GRINEVICH
摘要
The article is devoted to the issues of the origin and formation of the archaeological study of Kabardino-Balkaria as one of the areas of scientific research at the Kabardino-Balkarian State Pedagogical Institute (since 1957 – the Kabardino-Balkarian State University). The scientific and pedagogical activity of one of the first professors of the historical department, a well-known specialist in the field of ancient history, Konstantin Eduardovich Grinevich is shown. In 1949, he led the Kabardian archaeological expedition, the result of which was the compilation of an archaeological map of the republic. K.E. Grinevich made a great contribution to the study of the cultural heritage of Kabardino-Balkaria and the training of young personnel in the field of archeology.
189-205
Literature of the peoples of the Russian Federation (literature of the peoples of the North Caucasus)
CONSTRUCTION OF MOUNTAIN REALITIES IN THE RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE PUBLICIST WRITINGS OF THE KARACHAY-BALKAR ENLIGHTENERS OF THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY: ESSAYS BY MISOST ABAEV
摘要
The proposed article is an analysis of the Russian-language creative heritage of the Karachay-Balkar public figure Misost Abaev, whose publicism introduced the Russian reader to the life of the mountain society during its integration into the Russian Empire, and also contained a historical excursion into the past of the people, told about their life, culture, and worldview. The author focuses on the study of a number of topical topics revealed by the publicist in the Caucasian periodicals, on the solutions he offers to acute social issues. The main topics of M.'s publications Abaev's articles and essays were in tune with the ideas of the North Caucasian progressive figures of the turn of the century, the author's articles and essays covered socio-economic problems and society's requests for the renewal of culture through education. The article presents the results of the analysis of the experiments of M. Abaev's creation of literary texts (stories "Mountain Legend", "At the grave of Islam", obituary-essay), where the publicist revealed another aspect of his work – the bright personality of the narrator. The work of M. Abaev is first considered in the context of popular ideas that spread in the Caucasus in the last quarter of the XIX century, the influence of these ideas on the state of mountain society.
206-218
FORMATION OF THE GENRE OF THE STORY IN THE CHERKESS LITERATURE: IDELOGICAL GUIDES AND THEMATIC REFERENCES
摘要
The article examines some of the issues of the formation and evolution of the genre of the story in Circassian literature. The relevance of the study is due, on the one hand, to the insufficient development of the stated topic, on the other hand, to the need to identify trends in the development of national prose, starting from the problems of its genesis. In the center of research attention is the ideological and thematic orientation of the Circassian story mainly of the initial stage of evolution, i.e. Soviet era. In particular, the author examines the stories of S. Temirov, I. Amirokov, M. Adamokov, H. Gashokov and others, who laid the foundations of the genre in Circassian literature. During the indicated period, the Circassian tale was the first attempt to comprehend the problems of collective farms, youth brigades, the Soviet attitude to work, the range of urgent problems of young people, their aspirations, the formation of the criteria of Soviet morality. It also reflects various aspects of the Great Patriotic War, mainly as a war for independence. The research uses the method of artistic analysis. The results obtained can be used in compiling special courses on Adyghe (Kabardino-Circassian) prose, writing the history of the literature of the peoples of the North Caucasus.
219-228
CRITERIA OF EPICNESS AND NARRATIVE STRATEGIES OF A. TEPPEEV’S NOVEL “THE SIRAT BRIDGE”
摘要
The article highlights the issues concerning the genre-forming features of the epic novel, the forms of manifestation of the epic in a work of fiction. The consideration of the above-mentioned problems provides for the presence in the structure of the work of a theoretical preamble reflecting the characteristics of epopees’ accepted in literary studies (historicism, heroics, a wide panorama of people's life, the reconstruction of an epic picture of the world, a multidimensional reflection of reality, pronounced drama, historical and cultural context, social typing, a cross-section of the epoch refracted in the destinies of people) and the subsequent detailed analysis of local examples from the epic text. In order to identify the desired qualities (epic features) in the national novel, a holistic view of the laws of the formation of the genre is given, defining the epic as an indicator of the level of development of literature, the evolution of the historicism of the artist's thinking. The main attention in the study is focused on the study of structural and content particulars and narrative strategies in the novel "The Bridge of Sirat" by the Balkar prose writer A. Teppeev. The applicability of the proposed evaluation criteria when analyzing the compositional features of the work justifies its positioning as an epic narrative.
229-246
ALGYSH (GOODWILL) IN THE FOLKLORE AND LITERATURE OF KARACHAIS AND BALKARS: SPECIFICS OF GENRE, TAXONOMY, POETICS
摘要
The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the algysh (goodwill) genre, which is actively functioning in the traditional verbal culture of the Karachais and Balkars. Based on the analysis of folklore texts and literary works, the tаxonomy of goodwill is presented, taking into account the specifics of recreational-vital practices and linguo-stylistic characteristics; the main used algysh models are noted: in connection with marriage, birth of a child, festive events, loss (condolence), etc.; the features of the etiquette speech genre of goodwill, the degree of its study, the communicative role, the poetics of linguistic embodiment are considered; special attention is paid to the representation of the form actively used in modern national literature – stylization under the algysh. A synchronous approach to the problem is a study of definitions, associated with the definition of the psycho-emotional background due to ethnicity, cognitive-epistemological processes, grammatical linguistic structures that influence the formation of the national picture of the world. Research methods: structural-descriptive, historical-typological, epistemological.
247-259