Comparing the effectiveness of fiscal and institutional capacity in steering social spending toward equitable outcomes in oil-rich versus non-oil economy: a bibliiometric analysis

aim: in this study, the interaction between fiscal policy, the quality of institutions and oil dependence in the formation of fair social costs, especially in rich oil and not related economies, is studied. The main goal is to study how the potential of public administration and fiscal structures affect the distribution of social resources in various economic contexts, paying special attention to oil countries, including Iraq, Russia and the OECR countries. Methods: using a bibliometric methodology, the study uses data from the SCOPUS database (2003–2021) and analytical tools such as Bibliometric and VosViewer, to identify thematic clusters, authors and coincidences of keywords. Independent variables include a fiscal policy, the quality of institutions and dependence on oil, while a dependent variable is the effectiveness of social expenses, measured with the help of indicators such as state investments in healthcare, education and social security. The results show that the quality of institutions is a key intermediary: the OECD countries with strong public administration and adaptive fiscal systems demonstrate stable and fair social investments, especially during periods of economic downturn. On the contrary, Iraq serves as an example of how institutional fragility and political instability undermine effective fiscal management, despite the abundance of resources. Russia reflects the complex heritage of the post -socialist transition period and moderate institutional structures. Bibliometric analysis additionally reveals changing trends in research and international cooperation, reflecting global concern for sustainable and inclusive development. Conclusions conclusions indicate that in order to ensure fair and long -term social investments, especially in resource -dependent countries, or politically unstable countries, it is necessary to strengthen the institutional base and diversification of budget revenues. Priority tasks for the state body should be regulatory reforms, increasing management efficiency and combating corruption in the budget and tax systems. This will allow more effectively directing state resources to key areas, such as healthcare, education.

Fiscal policy, The quality of institutions, Social spending, Oil dependence, Bibliometric analysis, The country of the OECD, Russia, Iraq