Cooperation between Brazil and African countries in promoting international development under Presidents Lula da Silva and D. Rousseff (2003 - 2016)

The article examines Brazil's policy in the field of international cooperation for development with African countries during the presidencies of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff (2003–2016). Particular attention is given to the strategic goals of Brazilian foreign policy aimed at strengthening the country's position in the global system of international relations, diversifying partnerships, and promoting the "South-South" cooperation format. Historical, political, and social prerequisites for the intensification of contacts are analyzed, including an emphasis on the cultural and civilizational proximity of Brazil and Africa. The study focuses on areas of cooperation in agriculture, healthcare, and education, as well as the scale of humanitarian and technical assistance. Both the official rhetoric about equitable partnership and the practical manifestations of asymmetry in relationships are examined, allowing for the identification of Brazil's dual approach to achieving its foreign policy goals through international development tools. The research relies on the theoretical paradigm of neorealism, which posits that development-oriented assistance strengthens cooperation between countries and creates a basis for the involvement of non-state actors in this process. The article employs historical-political analysis and comparisons of statistical data, revealing the dynamics and characteristics of Brazilian-African interaction. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the comprehensive examination of Brazil's strategy in Africa as an element of "soft power," combining political diplomacy, economic interests, and technical cooperation projects. The work shows that, despite declarations of equality, the practical implementation of programs was accompanied by a pronounced asymmetry and dependency of African countries on Brazilian technologies and resources. At the same time, research demonstrates that Brazilian initiatives contributed to strengthening the social and institutional potential of partners, as well as enhancing Brazil's own international standing. During the economic crisis of the 2010s, the scale of the country's participation decreased; however, the groundwork laid helped to establish Brazil as an important actor in the global South. The conclusions drawn emphasize the significance of the experience of Brazilian-African cooperation for understanding contemporary formats of international interaction aimed at development.

Brazil, Africa, development cooperation, international cooperation, foreign policy, Lula da Silva, Dilma Rousseff, technical cooperation, soft power, humanitarian assistance