Evolution of U.S. Regime Change Strategies during the Cold War

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This article examines the evolution of US regime change strategies from the end of World War II to the present day. The research analyzes the transformation of American interventionist methods in the internal affairs of sovereign states, tracing the shift from direct CIA covert operations during the Cold War to contemporary "hybrid" forms of influence. The study is based on declassified CIA documents, National Security Council directives, Congressional materials, and extensive academic literature. The paper provides detailed analysis of specific cases of US intervention in Iran (1953), Guatemala (1954), Chile (1973), and various Middle Eastern, Latin American, and African countries. Special attention is given to the institutionalization of regime change mechanisms through pseudo-civilian structures such as NED, USAID, which operate under the cover of "democracy promotion" and "civil society development." The scientific novelty lies in the systematic comparative analysis of different historical periods, revealing the continuity of American interventionist policy despite changing tactical approaches. The research demonstrates how classical CIA operations evolved into sophisticated "soft power" instruments while maintaining the same strategic objectives. The study also examines Soviet and Russian responses to US regime change strategies, including diplomatic countermeasures, support for allied governments, and development of alternative international structures. The main conclusion emphasizes that contemporary methods of forced "democratization" do not lead to sustainable development but instead cause regional destabilization and undermine international legal principles. The author argues for the restoration of genuine collective security systems based on respect for sovereignty and non-interference in internal affairs of states.

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