Vol 10, No 4 (2024)

Introduction. Today, one of the important tasks in dairy farming is to improve the feeding of highly productive cows, and it is necessary to pay special attention to metabolism. Highly productive cows put a lot of stress on the body; such animals need balanced diets, which should be formulated taking into account milk production and live weight. Animals with high milk production often experience metabolic disorders, which leads to various diseases. High quality feed should be used in feeding animals. When formulating diets, attention is mainly paid to the ratio and quantity of nutrients, without taking into account the digestibility of nutrients. The most effective way to increase nutrient absorption today is extrusion. The raw materials are exposed to high pressure and temperature, resulting in quality and nutritional improvements and increased nutrient absorption.

The purpose of our work is to identify changes in the biochemical composition of blood serum in highly productive black-and-white cows when extruded feed is introduced into the diet.

Materials and methods. The object of the study were highly productive cows of the black-and-white breed. To conduct the study, three experimental and one control groups were formed. The experimental groups received 1,0:1,5;2,0 kg of extruded feed in addition to the main diet. We studied the changes in metabolic processes in the body of highly productive black-and-white cows, which were fed extruded feed in different volumes, using biochemical indicators of blood serum: total protein, albumin, aspartateaminotransferase, alanineaminotransferase, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, cholesterol, amylase.

Results and discussions. Based on the results obtained, it was found that extruded feed contributes to an increase in milk productivity by 10,0‒20,0 %. The optimal yield of extruded feed is 1,5 kg.

Conclusion. Feeding extruded feed in a volume of 1,0‒1,5 kg does not have a negative effect on the metabolism of highly productive black-and-white cows.

Introduction. In the course of the conducted scientific research, the main zootechnical and economic indicators were determined, on the basis of which the effectiveness of using the antioxidant feed additive "Dihydroquercetin" in the cultivation of broiler chickens was established, which ensured the receipt of additional products, reducing its cost and increasing the profitability of poultry meat production.

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of raising broiler chickens using the antioxidant feed additive “Dihydroquercetin” in their feeding.

Materials and methods. The object of the experiments were broiler chickens of the COBB-500 cross, which received the antioxidant feed additive “Dihydroquercetin” as part of the main diet during their cultivation. The poultry of the I control group received only compound feed (the main diet), for chickens of the II experimental group, an antioxidant was additionally injected into it at a dosage of 0.5 g per 100 g of compound feed, III – 0.75 g and IV – 1 g per 100 g of compound feed. The duration of the experiment was 40 days.

Research results, discussions. The results of the experiment showed that due to the use of a feed additive, the safety of broiler chickens during the fattening period was 70 % in the I control group, and in the experimental ones: in the II – 90 %, in the III and IV ‒ 100 % safety of poultry was achieved. In the course of the study, it was found that the feed costs per head in the experimental groups of poultry were higher than in the control group, due to an increase in their productivity. But these costs are offset by an increase in the conversion of feed into products and the achievement of higher live weight by chickens at the end of the growing period. This created the opportunity to obtain additional profit and, accordingly, provided an increase in profitability by 2.3, 2.2 and 3.8 %. Consequently, revenue from the sale of products obtained from the experimental broiler chickens of groups II‒IV amounted to 1.42‒2.86 thousand rubles more than in the control.

Conclusion. An assessment of the effect of the studied levels of introduction of a feed additive into the basic diet, when raising broiler chickens, objectively indicates that, despite the additional costs associated with the purchase of dihydroquercetin, its use turned out to be very effective. The obtained results showed the possibility of growing poultry without the use of antibiotic drugs and growth stimulants, and made it possible to increase the environmental friendliness of the products obtained, their safety for the consumer. This proves the relevance and prospects of using this biologically active substance in the poultry industry.

Introduction. Particularly promising is the new composite preparation “NKP” (fermented grain inocula with Fusarium sambucinum (108 CFU/ml, 30.0‒30.4 %) and Trichoderma reesei (108 CFU/ml, 12.0‒12.4 %)); Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. (108 CFU/ml, 6.0‒6.2 %); beet molasses (28.0‒29.0 %); zeolite ‒ the rest; immunostimulating activity, normalizes metabolism, increases the growth and development of broiler chickens. The purpose of the study is to study meat productivity and conduct a veterinary and sanitary examination of broiler chicken meat using the new composite drug “NKP”.

Materials and methods of research. The experiments were carried out in a private poultry farm. Three groups of ten birds each were formed from day-old broiler chickens of the Ross-308 cross. The conditions of keeping and feeding of the birds were carried out in accordance with zootechnical standards. The first group of broiler chickens was a control and received a regular diet without additives. For chickens of the second experimental group, a new composite drug “NKP” was added to the feed at a dose of 1 % daily from the first days of life and throughout the entire experimental period for 42 days. The third group received the new composite drug “NKP” at a dose of 1.5 % at intervals of twenty-two days, from the 5th day of life to the 27th day. At the end of the experiment at 42 days of age, the broilers were slaughtered and weighed, followed by a veterinary and sanitary examination and assessment of their meat productivity. The obtained data were processed using the SSPS for Windows software package.

Research results. The weighing results showed that the post-mortem live weight of chickens in the control group was 2098.74±1.267. The weight of the chickens of the second experimental group, which received 1 % of the complex preparation “NKP” in their diet, was 14.01 g (p<0.001) higher than their control peers in terms of this indicator, and the weight of the third experimental group was 15.05 (p<0.001).

Introduction. In the cost structure of the main poultry products, a large share falls on feed, which must meet the safety requirements determined by the level of mycotoxin contamination. To reduce the content of mycotoxins in feed and completely destroy them, you can use various methods and their combinations, some of which may have disadvantages. For example, the use of some adsorbents leads to a partial loss of the nutritional value of feed due to the absorption of feed nutrients along with toxins. One of the methods that allows you to destroy harmful microflora, reduce the content of antinutrients, increase the nutritional value of feed and the digestibility of nutrients is microwave processing.

The purpose of the research was to study the effect of microwave processing of barley containing mycotoxins on its chemical composition, metabolic energy and quail productivity when used separately and in combination with zeolite.

Materials and methods. The studies were conducted on 30-day-old quails divided into 5 groups, two of which were control and three experimental.

Results and discussion. Microwave treatment of barley changes its chemical composition, increasing the content of dry matter by 35 %, crude protein and fat by 3.4 and 156 %, and nitrogen-free extractive substances by 42.2 %. Due to the increase in the exchange energy of feed, the egg and meat productivity of birds increases, while the exchange energy costs per unit of production decrease.

Conclusion. Microwave treatment of grain has a beneficial effect on the egg and meat productivity of quails due to an increase in exchange energy by 41 %, nutritional value and digestibility of nutrients in feed, and contributes to lower exchange energy costs for production. A more pronounced effect is observed with the combined use of microwave treatment of grain and zeolite.

Introduction. As part of the sanctions policy pursued by a number of foreign countries, the Russian government has introduced counter-sanctions measures as measures of protectionism. Import substitution has become a new reality for chemical industry enterprises. But protectionism has not created ideal conditions. There are also a number of problems that require the development of an acceptable strategy for the sustainable development of enterprises producing household chemicals. Goal. To consider the directions of developing a strategy for the development of chemical industry enterprises in the conditions of the modern political situation created by the USA and EU countries on the example of “NPF “GENIX” LLC.

Materials and methods. The development of an enterprise development strategy was discussed on the basis of an assessment of materials published in open sources, a study of federal legislative acts and an analysis of the production and economic activities of the enterprise.

The results of the study and discussion. In the context of the import substitution policy, the Russian government has defined the task for the domestic producer - to compensate for the lack of imported products with domestic goods. And this has become one of the most priority areas of development in Russia. But in the chemical industry sector, a problem arose for manufacturers of household chemicals, which resulted in a shortage of raw materials in the domestic market, which forced them to start looking for a solution to this problem. To overcome the problems, in the context of Western sanctions, it is necessary to develop a strategy for the development of the enterprise to reduce risks of an economic and administrative nature. It is necessary to achieve economic growth through the production of competitive products, the introduction of innovative and resource-saving technologies, and increased profitability.

Conclusion. The problems that have arisen require solutions from the Government and the legislature. Therefore, specific actions are required, both at the regional and federal levels, it is necessary to develop a system of state orders for household chemicals, detergents and disinfectants, in particular, to provide the health care system, the catering sector, for the needs of the population and a state program to promote products to foreign markets.