急性巴氯芬中毒及其与乙醇的结合对大脑皮层神经元的损害

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论证。使用肌松剂巴氯芬的中毒事件最近有所增加。巴氯芬中毒的目标器官之一是大脑。

该研究的目的是检测和量化巴氯芬中毒及其与乙醇结合时的皮质神经元损伤。

材料与方法。对大鼠大脑皮层进行了组织学检查。对照组（n=5）既没有接受巴氯芬也没有接受乙醇。实验组1和3（n=5）的动物接受巴氯芬（85毫升/公斤），而2和4组（n=5）的动物接受相同剂量的巴氯芬和乙醇（7毫升/公斤）的组合。第1和第3组的动物在4小时后退出实验，第2和第4组的动物在给药一天后退出。组织学准备用苏木精和伊红以及Nissl染色，并通过光镜检查（×400）。对有损伤的神经元数量进行计数。采用非参数的曼-惠特尼方法对数据进行统计处理。

结果。对25只大鼠的大脑皮层进行了组织学检查。对照组有13%的神经元有可逆转的变化，9%的神经元有不可逆的变化。当4小时后施用巴氯芬时，可逆变化为22%，不可逆变化为21%。在同一天，巴氯芬和乙醇的联合给药导致了可逆（24%）和不可逆（29%）的神经元变化的增加。服用巴氯芬一天后，可逆的神经元变化的比例为25%，不可逆的为37%。当巴氯芬和乙醇共同注射时，具有可逆（27%）和不可逆（41%）变化的神经元含量增加。统计结果显示，与对照组相比，4小时后有明显的变化，24小时后，与对照组和4小时后得到的结果相比，都有统计学上的显著差异。

结论。了解巴氯芬中毒及其与乙醇结合所涉及的大脑过程，将能够对这类伤员提供最有效的护理。检测到的大脑神经元损伤的迹象，以及法医化学分析的结果，可用于证实此类案件的直接死因。

作者简介

Olga L. Romanova

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: olgpharm@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6356-9251
SPIN 代码: 6727-9170

Cand. Sci. (Biol.)

俄罗斯联邦, 8, Miklukho-Maklaya street, Moscow, 117198; Moscow

Arkady M. Golubev

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology

Email: arkadygolubev@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3165-0378
SPIN 代码: 7890-2597

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow; Moscow

Alexey A. Churilov

Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology

Email: sandro-knaz-him@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1018-8257
SPIN 代码: 8648-0654
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Dmitriy V. Sundukov

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia

Email: sundukov_dv@rudn.university
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8173-8944
SPIN 代码: 2968-7961

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Maksim A. Kislov

The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Email: smedik@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9303-7640
SPIN 代码: 3620-8930

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Anton V. Ershov

The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Email: salavatprof@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5758-8552
SPIN 代码: 2059-3248

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Baclofen, 24 hours. The third layer of the cerebral cortex: tigrolysis of Nissl substance. Color according to Nissl, ×400.

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3. Fig. 2. Baclofen, 24 hours. The fourth layer of the cerebral cortex: decentralization of nuclei and nucleoli, shadow cells, severe changes. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, ×400.

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4. Fig. 3. Baclofen, 24 hours. The fifth layer of the cerebral cortex: dark neurons. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, ×400.

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5. Fig. 4. Baclofen + alcohol, 24 hours. The second layer of the cerebral cortex: prevailing of dark neurons. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, ×400.

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