基于溺水案件回顾性分析的溺水特征诊断学意义的定量研究
- 作者: Kalashnikov D.P.1, Polukhin N.V.2, Zakharov S.N.3, Kislov M.A.4, Syrova D.A.3, Zolotenkova G.V.3
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隶属关系:
- City Clinical Hospital named after V.V. Veresaev
- Moscow University “Synergy”
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
- The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov
- 期: 卷 11, 编号 3 (2025)
- 页面: 210-222
- 栏目: 原创研究
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2411-8729/article/view/355557
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/fm16286
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/GTHGVX
- ID: 355557
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详细
论证:在法医学鉴定中确定从水中打捞出的死者死亡原因是一项复杂的鉴定任务。诊断流程通常基于对特异性溺水形态学特征、一般性窒息表现及实验室检测结果的综合评估。然而,各特征的诊断学意义仍存在一定争议。
目的:基于2017–2019年间Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination of the Moscow Region的档案数据,通过分析溺水形态学特征的出现频率和统计概率,评估其诊断意义。
方法:进行单中心观察性回顾性抽样研究。分析2017–2019年间莫斯科州溺水案件的尸检、组织学、硅藻学及法医化学检测档案资料。通过建立数据库(Microsoft Excel)记录研究结果。对定性变量以绝对数和相对数及其95%置信区间表示。组间比较采用Pearson χ2检验,成对比较采用Bonferroni校正。定量变量分布采用Shapiro–Wilk检验。以p<0.05为差异具有统计学意义的标准。
结果:共纳入溺水死亡者(n=179),其中男性占81%。总体中位年龄为42岁[29;57]。 在69.8%的病例中,血液与尿液法医化学检测显示乙醇阳性。根据Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination专家的档案结论,最常见的溺水诊断指标(≥50%)包括: Paltauf斑(89.9%)、Sveshnikov征(84.4%)、气管及支气管腔内泡沫(75.4%)、肺气肿与“湿性膨胀”(87.2%)、肺水肿(57.5%)、肺表面肋骨压痕(53.6%)、蝶窦及左心室腔内含石英的矿物颗粒(分别为76.0%与68.2%),以上征象常伴随一般性窒息表现。未发现溺水诊断特征的出现频率与肺质量或酒精中毒程度之间存在统计学显著差异。任何单一溺水特征均无法确保绝对诊断准确性。基于特征出现频率,研究开发了用于估算溺水概率的计算机程序初步模型。
结论:只有通过综合性分析并结合对特征的正确解释,才能建立关于从水中打捞出的死者死亡原因的可靠证据体系。
作者简介
Denis P. Kalashnikov
City Clinical Hospital named after V.V. Veresaev
编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: den_kalashnikov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4608-3038
SPIN 代码: 8358-7004
MD
俄罗斯联邦, MoscowNikita V. Polukhin
Moscow University “Synergy”
Email: nikitasketch@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9540-5793
SPIN 代码: 8047-9245
MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)
俄罗斯联邦, MoscowSviatoslav N. Zakharov
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
Email: zakharov.swyatoslaw@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0107-9649
SPIN 代码: 7201-9898
MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)
俄罗斯联邦, MoscowMaksim A. Kislov
The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov
Email: kislov_ma@rsmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9303-7640
SPIN 代码: 3620-8930
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor
俄罗斯联邦, MoscowDaria A. Syrova
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
Email: syrova_d_a@student.sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-0761-6251
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow
Galina V. Zolotenkova
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
Email: zolotenkova.galina@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1764-2213
SPIN 代码: 1685-1802
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor
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